水利工程施工成本的控制

施工成本是工程成本控制的主要内容,水利水电工程施工成本有效控制是工程施工管理的核心,如何实现水利水电工程施工成本有效控制显的尤为重要。只要科学地组织和规划,采取适当的控制标准,严格的按规章实施,工程施工成本的控制就会取得良好的效果。     

Water Extractable Trace Elements in Poultry Litters and Granulated Products

Poultry litter contains many trace elements such as As, Cu, and Zn, and its land application may lead to the accumulation of these elements in soils, especially near the soil surface. The objectives of this study were to determine the total amount of trace elements and evaluate the effect of litter granulation and various litter to water extraction ratios on water extractable trace elements in 8 raw and granulated litter products. Granulated litters that contained urea, dicyandiamide, or hydrolyzed feathermeal had significantly lower contents of total As, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn than untreated litters because of the dilution of litters with additives. Trace element concentrations (mg/L) in the water extracts of the various poultry litters generally decreased when extraction ratios (litter to water) shifted from 1:10 to 1:250, or as the amount of poultry litter decreased with a constant water volume (200 mL). But, the water extractable content of trace metals (mg/kg) generally increased from an extraction ratio of 1:10 to 1:200, with values similar at 1:200 and 1:250 extraction ratios. Based on our results, we suggest using a 1:200 extraction ratio when evaluating water extractable As, Cu, and Zn in poultry litters. The estimated land application rates of trace metals, when poultry litter is applied on the basis of total P content, were considerably lower than the trace metal loadings allowable under the current environmental regulations governing biosolids and other materials with measurable amounts of trace metals. The laboratory water extractions of poultry litters and granulated products have increased our understanding of the potential risks to water quality posed by the land application of poultry litter and will contribute to the development of base knowledge needed to define land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality.     

ANGIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BOVINE FOOT ABNORMALITIES

Angiography of normal and diseased feet in cattle was carried out. In osteomyelitis of distal phalanx there was a narrowing of the digital artery with diminished vascular supply to the affected digit. An area of bone necrosis was found to be avascular. With overgrown hooves, narrowing of both the medial and lateral digital arteries with ill-defined laminar vessels was seen. The vascular pattern in cattle with cork screw claws was characterized by a dilated tortuous digital artery and a crowded arterial network resulting in increased vascular supply in the affected claw. Abrupt stricture of common digital artery, a crowded vascular network in the area of the middle phalanx and filling defects of terminal arches were demonstrated in animals with exostosis     

基于近红外预测羊草水分含量的特征光谱模型研究

水分是牧草最为重要的品质属性,水分含量的多少直接影响牧草品质的变化。羊草（Leymus chinensis）因富含重要的维生素、蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、脂肪等家畜必需营养成分,在收获和储藏过程中极易受到生长地的水、土、气等的影响而发生营养成分损失或变质,因此为了有效降低冗余无信息变量,提高羊草水分含量近红外模型的预测精度和稳定性,本研究采用4种光谱特征区间选择方法,包括间隔偏二乘法（Interval partial least-squares regression,iPLS）、向后区间偏最小二乘法（Backward interval PLS,BiPLS）、联合区间偏最小二乘法（Synergy interval PLS,SiPLS）、和连续投影算（Successive projections algorithm,SPA）建立羊草水分含量的预测模型。结果表明：SiPLS方法最适合用于羊草水分含量特征波长的筛选,其次为BiPLS方法,最差的方法为iPLS,同时,相对分析误差（Residual predictive deviation,RPD）=2.648>2.50。这表明SiPLS的近红外光谱模型在预测羊草水分含量的应用上完全可行,预测精度在96.13%以上。     

真丝Outlast交织物调温性能的研究

Outlast纤维是一种具有自动调温功能的智能纤维。研究了粘胶型Outlast纤维与真丝不同组分比交织物的调温性能,以及染整加工对织物的调温性能影响。结果表明:当粘胶型Outlast纤维与真丝的组分比为57∶43时,织物具有良好的调温性能,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试其热焓为5.41 J/g;染整加工使织物的调温性能有所下降,精练后织物的热焓下降到5.17 J/g,染色后织物的热焓进一步下降到3.94 J/g;采用相变微胶囊对染色后的织物进行整理,可使其热焓上升到7.71 J/g,扫描电镜(SEM)下显示相变微胶囊附着于织物表面。     

基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统

对家蚕育种亲本及其新品种性状数据档案实行信息化管理,可在家蚕育种和品种的种性维持过程中自动实现完整的信息采集、计算、调用、选择等功能。开发了一个基于B/S结构的家蚕育种与种性维持信息管理系统,主要包括品种管理、计划任务管理、饲育信息管理、蚕茧信息管理、选种信息管理、选优信息管理等功能模块。选种信息管理模块的运行过程是通过电子天平称量蚕茧质量,然后根据计算模型自动进行数据信息处理与统计分析实施选择。用户可以方便地通过网络访问该系统,实现家蚕新品种选育及种性维持工作的自动化。     

3个家蚕品种部分产茧量及体质量性状指标的协方差分析

养蚕生产中家蚕的桑叶食下量难以人为控制在同一水平,通常认为食下量会对蚕体生长发育及全茧量等产茧量指标产生显著甚至极显著影响。以山东省现行的3个春用蚕品种为材料,将食下量作为协变量进行协方差分析的结果表明,3个家蚕品种在3-5龄的蚕体质量增量、全茧量、茧层量性状指标上无统计学意义(P>0.125 2),仅个别指标均值间的最大差异在0.1水平下显著(P全茧量=0.066 9,P茧层量=0.056 1),因此该方法校正了用常规方差分析得出的上述性状指标在品种间存在极显著差异(P<0.000 1)的有偏结论,还明确了消化吸收量对上述性状指标影响不显著,可不作为协变量考虑。     

青皮种子主要储藏条件的研究Ⅰ.种子含水量与测控

水分是影响青皮(Vatica astrotricha Hance)种子活力最关键的内在因素,其中种胚含水量是决定因素。用含水量27—29％椰糠控制种胚含水量在50—52％,也就是控制种子含水量在30—36％,维持种子一定的呼吸强度(32℃下测定为50—60 O_2μl/g·h),种子活力保持最高,能延长寿命。找出了储藏中种子安全含水量的最佳点,此点处于安全含水量下限的内缘,可利用种子本身果翅与种子或大小种子之间含水量的内在关系来测定。这种测定方法准确、快速又简便。可考虑作为确定“顽拗型”种子安全含水量下限的新捷径。