费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种和植物乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶结构及酶学性质

 【目的】对来源于植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillu plantarum）和费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种（Propionibacteriu freudenreichii ssp. shermanii）亚油酸异构酶酶学特性开展研究,探讨不同来源的亚油酸异构酶酶学性质存在的差异。【方法】通过酶反应动力学方法及电泳技术测定了酶的最适反应条件、米氏常数、酶的分子量,并在此基础上,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）与电喷雾离子化/质谱（ESI-MS）相结合的方法测定了L. plantarum和P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii亚油酸异构酶的氨基酸序列。【结果】P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii亚油酸异构酶的最适pH为8.0,最适反应温度是30℃,Km=20.53 μmol•L-1,Vmax=0.44 μg•ml-1•min-1;L. plantarum亚油酸异构酶的最适pH为7.5,最适反应温度是为50℃,Km=17.85 μmol•L-1,Vmax=0.73 μg. ml-1•min-1。【结论】来源于L. plantarum和P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii亚油酸异构酶的全氨基酸序列不同,但两者具有一定的同源性,且两者酶学特性也有差异。     

嗜酸乳杆菌的亚油酸异构酶基因克隆及其pMG36e表达载体的构建

以嗜酸乳杆菌基因组为模板,对亚油酸异构酶基因进行PCR,PCR产物克隆到pMD-19T质粒中,经菌落PCR、酶切分析和DNA测序鉴定克隆成功后,亚克隆入乳酸菌表达质粒pMG36e,构建乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-LAI并转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中,经菌落PCR和酶切分析初步证明表达载体pMG36e-LAI构建成功。该研究为利用工程菌工业化生产高产量、高活性亚油酸异构酶制剂来生产CLA奠定基础。     

苹果属观赏海棠McCHS基因的克隆及实时定量表达

以苹果属观赏海棠‘王族’品种叶片提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个1529bp的查尔酮合成酶(Chalcone sythase,CHS)基因的cDNA序列,其基因编码区共1167bp,编码389个氨基酸,命名为McCHS。使用实时荧光定量PCR和紫外可见光分光光度计,对3类不同叶色的观赏海棠品种‘火焰’(Malus‘Flame’,叶片绿色)、‘绚丽’(Malus ‘Radiant’,新叶红色)、‘高原之火’(Malus ‘Prairifire’,新叶红色)和王族(Malus ‘Royalty’,叶片紫色)幼叶和功能叶中的McCHS表达及其花色苷含量进行测定分析,结果表明:McCHS在4个品种的幼叶和功能叶中均有表达,其幼叶表达量的变化与叶片中花色苷含量的变化一致;除‘绚丽’外的功能叶表达量变化和花色苷含量变化也一致,‘绚丽’功能叶的特殊情况可能涉及花色苷合成途径中的其他酶和转录因子。     

Expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase genes and accumulation of corresponding flavonoids during fruit maturation of Guoqing No. 4 satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow)

Chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) are two key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. They were both cloned from Guoqing No. 4 satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow), and their relative expression and accumulation of corresponding flavonoid components during fruit maturation were investigated by real-time PCR and HPLC techniques, respectively. During fruit maturation, expression of CHS and CHI genes declined gradually in peels, as well as the concentrations of total flavonoids, trans-chalcone, narirutin and hesperidin; in pulps, however, expression of both genes showed an approximately uptrend, and the concentrations of total flavonoids and those three components were detected in a lower level without significant changes among different developmental periods (P < 0.05). This research confirmed that expression of CHS and CHI genes was positively correlated with flavonoid accumulation and overexpression of them could be a potential approach to produce massive desired flavonoids in citrus fruits.     

Modification of Secondary Metabolism and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Under Phosphate Deficiency in Bean Roots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphate deficiency on enzymatic activities and on compounds of the secondary metabolism linked with the production of root exudates in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. ‘Bianco di Bagnasco.’ Phosphate deficiency induced a decrease in root total soluble phenolic content, but also caused an increase in total soluble phenolic content of exudates. Alteration of phenolic production was paralleled by increased activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and decreased activity of chalcone isomerase (CHI) in roots. Two isoflavonoids daidzein and naringenin, have been detected in roots; they are considered signal molecules in the chemical trafficking with soil microorganisms. Naringenin content was reduced by phosphorus (P) deficiency, due to lower activity of CHI, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. On the other hand, daidzein content was higher in –P plants than in the control. The results are discussed, considering the possible roles of phenolics and flavonoids in plant-soil microbe interactions and rizosphere modification.     

大豆查尔酮还原酶3基因（chr3）的克隆及体外催化活性分析

【目的】克隆大豆查尔酮还原酶3基因(chr3),并分析其编码蛋白体外催化活性,为研究大豆苷元的合成与调控研究提供参考。【方法】以大豆品种"吉农17"为材料,采用RACE技术扩增大豆chr3基因,对其编码蛋白的结构和功能位点进行分析。将目的基因chr3连接到大肠杆菌载体pET28a上,然后转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,构建重组大肠杆菌原核表达载体BL21-pET28a-chr3,并通过高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)验证重组蛋白的催化性质及效率。【结果】成功克隆chr3基因,其全长序列长1 416bp(GenBank登录号:KF927169),成功构建了大肠杆菌原核表达载体BL21-pET28a-chr3。HPLC检测结果表明,重组蛋白CHR3催化合成了异甘草素,使大豆异甘草素含量提高到了33.673μmol/g。【结论】分离鉴定了大豆chr3,其编码蛋白CHR3催化活性明显提高。     

植物查尔酮异构酶的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学方法和工具对GenBank中的洋葱、豌豆、番茄和茶等植物的黄酮类化合物合成关键酶查尔酮异构酶(CHI)的核酸和氨基酸序列进行了比对、分析和建模,进而对其分子结构、理化性质、亚细胞定位、蛋白转运肽、跨膜结构域、疏水性、分子系统进化、蛋白质二级和三级结构等重要参数进行了预测和推理.结果表明:该类酶基因的全长包括5'、3'非翻译区和一个开放阅读框,无蛋白转运肽,且定位于细胞质基质,是一个疏水性蛋白,二级结构均以随机卷曲和α-螺旋为主要构件,洋葱和豌豆的CHI三维建模成功.     

查尔酮合酶与查尔酮异构酶基因特征及转基因应用

查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶一起构成了黄酮类化合物生物合成的限速酶.底物先是由查尔酮合酶的作用形成袖皮素查尔酮化合物,然后再由查尔酮异构酶异构化成不同的黄酮类化合物.查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶广泛存在于多种植物中,涉及了苯丙氨酸代谢途径中各种具有防御性产物的生物合成,在植物的抗菌机制、抗胁迫、细胞的发育和分化、色素的积累和外源基因的表达等方面起着重要的作用.就查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶的结构特点、编码基因的克隆及序列特征、基因的表达调控以及转基因应用等方面进行了系统的综述,并对其今后进一步的研究提出了适宜的建议.     

嗜酸乳杆菌突变株产共轭亚油酸异构酶的纯化研究

以嗜酸乳杆菌NCFM和Lakcid作为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变及化学诱变筛选得到突变株.代谢亚油酸生成共轭亚油酸(CLA),研究转化过程中的关键性酶-亚油酸异构酶的酶学性质,采用硫酸铵沉淀、透析等对该酶进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的亚基分子量为60.5 ku;并得出该酶的最适温度是44℃,最适pH是6.0左右,金属离子Fe2+、K+对异构酶的反应有促进作用,Zn2+等对反应都起抑制作用.