CFCC森林经营认证综合效益调查分析

通过文献分析、问卷调查和实地访谈3种方式,对CFCC森林经营认证单位综合效益、认证动力、问题与挑战进行了调研和分析。结果表明:CFCC森林经营认证在经济成本效益不高的情况下,创造了较明显的社会生态效益,市场需求不足是面临的最大问题,认证类型多样化发展为森林经营单位提供了新的服务和支持,试点项目以及CFCC与PEFC互认推动了认证类型的发展。提出了推动CFCC森林经营认证的建议,以期进一步促进CFCC森林认证健康有序地发展。     

森林认证的发展及其对中国森林经营的影响

介绍森林认证的由来、目标、体系。阐述中国森林认证发展历程,分析森林认证在森林可持续经营,森林资源经营管理水平、科技含量、经济、社会和生态效益,生态环境保护,经营方案编制,经营活动监测,人工林经营和管理等方面的重要促进作用,藉此提出我国森林可持续经营建议。     

Assessment of motivation and attitudes of forest industry companies toward forest certification in northwestern Russia

This study explores for the first time the attitudes and motivation associated with forest certification among forest industry companies in northwestern Russia. Interviews were carried out in the form of a structured questionnaire including 35 forest industry companies operating in northwestern Russia. Although development of certification in individual companies was initiated by general market demand, representatives of certified companies also emphasized the importance of internal corporate policy. Certified and noncertified groups of respondents identified market demand as a main driving force influencing development of forest certification. Ensuring the legality of wood origin, company's image and competitiveness of wood products were recognized as the most important benefits associated with forest certification. Absence of mandatory requirements from authorities and customers appeared to be the largest obstacle among both groups of respondents. Representatives of noncertified companies pointed out economic inaccessibility and low level of preparedness of management as of high importance, which is mainly associated with absence of quality management system. The results of the study indicated a general positive attitude on forest certification; it was noticed that respondents have gaps in understanding the principles and limited awareness with regards to forest certification, especially among noncertified forest industry companies.     

河南省开展森林认证的对策探讨

森林认证已在世界范围内得到广泛认可,国内其他省份也在进行有益探索,但在河南尚未起步。针对河南省开展森林认证面临的主要问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

图书馆员职业资格认证制度初谈

本文通过时图书馆职业资格证的起源、发展、类型以及所起的作用，针时目前我国图书馆工作人员的整体素质，得出我国必须实行职业资格证制度，才有可能改变图书馆的社会地位。     

森林经营认证评价指标体系的探讨——以黄丰桥国有林场为例

文章通过借鉴国内外森林经营认证已有的研究成果,归纳总结了影响森林经营认证的主要因素,并在此基础上建立了国有林场森林经营认证评价指标体系,提出了森林经营认证综合指数的新概念。     

湖南省烟草病毒种类的初步鉴定

1990年和1991年从湖南省8个地区(市)、25县(市)烟区调查采样,发现湖南烟草病毒病田间症状表现有7种类型,以花叶症状最多.通过鉴别寄主反映和A 蛋白酶联检测,初步确定湖南烟草上存在CMV,TMV,PVY 和TRSV 4种病毒的感染.它们除单独侵染外,还有TMV+CMV,TMV+PVY2种复合侵染类型,其中以CMV 侵染频率最高,达53.08%.应用A 蛋白酶联法检测314个花叶病样本,结果表明湖南烟草花叶病主要由CMV,TMV 侵染所致,其中又以CMV 侵染频率最高,达67.84%.     

园林花卉真菌病害研究

本文报道了昆明、重庆、成都三市的34种园林花卉作物上45种真菌病害的症状、病原、发病期与分布。其中24种病害为当地首次报告。     

Using global organic markets to pay for ecologically based agricultural development in China

The traditional command and control approach and the more recent free market have proven inadequate for promoting ecological agricultural development in China. Organic certification represents a regulated market mechanism with the potential to stimulate ecologically based agricultural research, extension, and investment. Recent linkages between the global organic food industry and local agricultural development in China provide an opportunity to test this potential. The article examines Chinas two largest organic certification systems for their potential to promote the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) as a key component of ecological agriculture. Organic certification is providing a format for research, extension, and implementation of IPM principles and practices, and has the potential to do much more. However, possible contradictions between ecological and market rationality, inherent in organic certification and marketing systems, may be exacerbated by the authoritarian political economy of rural China.Paul Thiersis an assistant professor of Political Science at Washington State University Vancouver where he teaches comparative politics, political economy, and environmental policy in the Program in Public Affairs. His research focuses on the environmental, social, and political dynamics of globalization in rural China, with a particular emphasis on Chinas integration into global food trade and food standards.     

大豆品种的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定研究

利用改良聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，对１２个南斯拉夫大豆品种种子贮藏蛋白进行了电泳分析。结果表明，１２个品种的蛋白质电泳组成表现了较高的多态性，每１品种均可根据各自的电泳图谱加以区分。尽管少数大豆品种表现相似的电泳模式，但在一些细微组分上仍存在差异