Rapid decline of the volcanically threatened Montserrat oriole

Prior to 1995, the Montserrat oriole (Icterus oberi) was confined to ca. 30 km² of hill forest on the Lesser Antillean island of Montserrat, but was not listed as globally threatened. Since then, the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano has destroyed more than half of the species’ range. Recent intensive monitoring has indicated that the species has also declined dramatically within the remaining intact forest, and is now critically threatened. Different monitoring and analytical methods indicate a decline of 8-52% p.a., and a remaining global population of ca. 100-400 pairs. This case study justifies the use of the restricted range criterion in designating threatened species. Despite intensive monitoring and the use of several analytical methods, it has proved surprisingly difficult to estimate the magnitude of the oriole’s decrease, or to control for potential artefacts in the census method. We discuss the reasons for this. The cause(s) of population decline in the intact forest are unclear, though two hypotheses appear plausible: a decrease in arthropod food, a result of volcanic ash fall, and an increase in nest predation as a result of increases in populations of opportunistic omnivores.     

论城镇扶贫与制度创新——安徽省城镇贫困层问题浅析

对当前安徽省城镇贫困及问题的现状及产生根源作了深入剖析，并提出了相应的政策建议。作者认为贫困层问题的产生主要是由于制度创新不足和政策调整滞后所致，要从根本上解决这一问题，必须进行城镇劳动力就业制度、社会保障制度改革和创新，同时相应调整现有的一些政策。     

新疆人口老龄化问题研究

人口老龄化是社会经济发展必然经历的阶段。目前,新疆老年人口基数较小,但增长迅速。文章对新疆老龄化发展现状和特征进行分析,分析了新疆老龄化产生的原因,最后提出了新疆应对老龄化问题的对策建议。     

辽宁省水利普查经济社会用水汇总与平衡辅助软件的开发与应用

阐述了经济社会用水汇总与平衡辅助软件的设计思路、模块设计、技术特点及应用情况,解决了水利普查经济社会用水汇总与平衡速度慢、容易出错等问题,对及时准确开展水利普查经济社会用水成果汇总起到了关键的作用。     

黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地绿化植物资源普查及选择研究

以我国滨海盐碱地的典型代表之一——黄河三角洲为工作点,通过对该地区绿化植物的普查和统计,根据植物生长状况及其立地条件,对该区绿化植物的耐盐碱能力进行分析研究,编制出黄河三角洲野生植物名录和黄河三角洲园林植物耐盐碱性分类表。并在此基础上,考虑到黄河三角洲的土壤、水文特点及园林绿化的制约因素,结合已经实践证明能在该区良好生长的园林植物,分析研究野生植物及其在园林绿化上的应用,联系经济效益、生态效益、社会效益,提出滨海盐碱地绿化植物资源在不同条件下的最佳选择。     

辽宁省水利普查数据质量控制探讨

普查数据质量控制是水利普查工作的生命,也是普查成败的关键所在。介绍质量控制的总体要求、控制措施和验收方法,以确保普查数据的真实准确。     

Gradients of abundance and biomass across reserve boundaries in six Mediterranean marine protected areas: Evidence of fish spillover?

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as an effective tool in marine coastal management, and considered able to enhance local fisheries through adult fish spillover. Indirect evidence of fish spillover could be obtained by horizontal gradients in fish abundance. To address this question, the existence of gradients of fish abundance and biomass across marine reserve boundaries was assessed in six Mediterranean MPAs using underwater visual censuses performed at various distances from the core of the MPA, in integral reserve (IR), to buffer zone (BZ) and fished areas. A reserve effect was evidenced with higher values of fish species richness (×1.1), abundance (×1.3), and biomass (×4.7) recorded inside MPAs compared to adjacent fished areas. Linear correlations revealed significant negative gradients in mean fish biomass in all the reserves studied after the effect of habitat had been removed, whereas negative gradients in abundance were less conspicuous. Generalized additive models suggested two main patterns of biomass gradients, with a sharp decrease at the IR-BZ boundary or at the BZ-fished area boundary. It was estimated that fish spillover beneficial to local fisheries occurred mostly at a small spatial scale (100s of metres). The existence of regular patterns of negative fish biomass gradients from within MPAs to fished areas was consistent with the hypothesis of adult fish biomass spillover processes from marine reserves and could be considered as a general pattern in this Mediterranean region.     

河北省沧洲市园林绿化树种调查与树种选择

二次赴重盐碱地城市沧州市进行绿化树种调查，共调查树木１３４７株，分属２１科４７属。分析调查结果，并据沧州市的自然概况，选择沧州市的基调树种和各类型绿地的骨干树种。     

发展广西农业及农村经济的若干对策与建议

通过首次全国农业普查资料,对广西农业及农村经济的现状及在全国的地位做了说明与分析, 并提出了充分发挥政府功能, 积极发展多种经营, 发挥资源优势, 提高农村从业人员素质, 加快小城镇建设,完善农村市场, 加快农业开放步伐等建议与对策。     

湖南省烟地草害初步调查

1988～1991年在湖南省12个主户烟草县(市)对烟草不同生育期的草害调查结果,烟地杂草达46科160余种.其中以禾本科、石竹科、蓼科、莎草科、菊科、天南星科、景天科、旋花科等杂草发生量大,危害严重.各烟地杂草群落组成和发生危害情况与烟草栽培制度和地域生态环境密切相关.烟-稻轮作烟地主要是一年生和二年生杂草危害,禾本科、石竹科、蓼科为主要恶性杂草;烟草-旱作轮作(或套作)烟地为一年生、二年生和多年生杂草混合危害.h陵区烟地以禾本科、石竹科、莎草科、蓼科杂草危害严重;山区烟地以禾本科、菊科、莎草科、天南星科、景天科、旋花科杂草危害严重.烟草各生育期均受杂草危害,但以大田生长期的伸根期、团棵期.旺长期受害(?)烈,杂草发生量急剧上升,是防除的关键时期.