Canine transmissible venereal tumour: a review

Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious venereal tumour of dogs, commonly observed in dogs that are in close contact with one another, or in stray and wild dogs that exhibit unrestrained sexual activity. CTVT represents a unique, naturally transmissible, contagious tumour, where the mutated tumour cell itself is the causative agent and perpetuates as a parasitic allograft in the host. Clinical history, signalment and cytological features are often obvious for establishing a diagnosis though biopsy and histological examination may be needed in atypical cases. Most cases are curable with three intravenous injections of vincristine sulphate at weekly intervals. The role of stray and wild dogs makes the disease difficult to control and necessitates sustained animal birth control in stray dogs along with prompt therapy of the affected dogs. This review captures the manifold developments in different areas embracing this fascinating tumour, including its biology, diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives.     

Dietary simultaneous replacement of fish meal and fish oil with blends of plant proteins and vegetable oils in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fry: Growth,digestive enzymes,antioxidant status and skin mucosal immunity

A 56‐day nutritional research was performed to examine the influence of alternative vegetal protein and lipid sources on performance of yellowfin seabream fry (Acanthopagrus latus) (0.5 ± 0.0 g). In this regard, five isoproteic (Ca. 500 g/kg) and isolipidic (Ca. 150 g/kg) diets were formulated in which fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) were simultaneously replaced with blends of plant proteins (PP, soybean meal and corn gluten) and vegetal oils (VO, canola and soybean oils) at 20% (SR20), 40% (SR40), 60% (SR40) and 80% (SR80) levels, respectively; meanwhile, a control diet (SR0) was formulated based on FM and FO. Growth and feed utilization were not influenced by experimental diets. The fatty acid profile of fillet drastically altered by dietary treatments. Fish fed with the SR60 and SR80 feeds had higher total protease, trypsin and α‐amylase activities than other treatments. The antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content in liver were enhanced in fish fed with the SR40, SR60 and SR80 diets. Skin mucosal immune parameters including total protein content, alkaline phosphatase and alternative complement pathway activities in the control group were relatively lower than the vegetal treatments. According to these results, it is recommended that 410 g/kg of FM and 45 g of FO/kg can be replaced with alternative vegetal sources in diet for A. latus fry.     

Ikaros基因研究进展

Ikaros基因为淋巴细胞发育过程中不可缺少的转录因子,可调控许多免疫基因的表达,由于其重要的功能而在免疫学领域具有独特的地位。文章介绍了Ikaros基因的结构、功能、调控机制以及鱼类中近年来的研究进展,指出了Ikaros基因在淋巴系统发育过程中的重要作用。     

面筋蛋白的胃蛋白酶酶解物对大鼠免疫功能的影响

选用 5 0只SD大鼠 ,分为试验组和对照组 ,每组 2 5只 ,试验组用经氯化钠缓冲液洗涤法制备的面筋蛋白的胃蛋白酶酶解物灌喂 ,对照组灌喂未经酶解的面筋蛋白 ,连续灌喂 2 1d。实验结果显示 :与对照组相比较 ,大鼠胸腺和脾脏相对重量分别上升了 2 0 % (P <0 0 1)和 2 9% (P <0 0 1) ;腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性上升了 12 % (P >0 0 5 ) ;淋巴细胞转化实验中刺激指数 (SI)提高了 33 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清NDV (新城疫病毒 )抗体血凝抑制效价 (HI)上升了 38 5 % (P<0 0 1) ;肠腔sIgA水平提高了 2 8 6 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;血清IL 2水平上升了 38 4 % (P <0 0 1) ;血清瘦素、胰岛素、T3 和T4水平均无显著变化。实验结果提示 :灌喂面筋蛋白胃蛋白酶酶解物能够增强机体免疫功能 ,并且这种免疫增强作用与细胞因子的调理有较为密切的联系。     

大鼠脊髓P物质对细胞免疫调节作用的研究

目的：观察大鼠脊髓Ｐ物质对细胞免疫水平的影响，方法：两组新生大鼠分别皮下注射辣椒素（ＣＡＰ）和Ｐ物质抗血清，成年大鼠则于脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射，用丝裂原激活的大鼠脾细胞方法测定了淋巴细胞的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平。结果：大鼠皮下及脊髓蛛网膜下腔各分别注射ＣＡＰ，Ｐ物质抗血清后，ＩＬ－２的水平较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生大鼠（皮下）与成年大鼠（蛛网膜下腔）注射ＣＡＰ或Ｐ物质抗血清垃     

钙对枳生长发育及柑橘溃疡病抗性的影响

【背景】柑橘溃疡病是由柑橘黄单胞杆菌柑橘致病变种(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)引起的细菌性病害,可侵染枝、叶、果,危害几乎所有的柑橘主栽品种。前期对湖南省39个柑橘园的调查结果显示柑橘果园土壤酸化和交换性钙缺乏严重,叶片中均存在钙缺乏现象。钙是植物所需大量元素之一,钙缺乏会造成植物营养失衡,生长势下降,植物免疫水平受影响。然而,钙元素对柑橘溃疡病抗性的影响尚不明确。【目的】分析对柑橘溃疡病敏感的枳(Poncirus trifoliata)在不同钙浓度处理下叶片注射接种Xcc后的致病差异,探讨钙在Xcc侵染枳叶片过程中的作用。【方法】采用沙培法对枳实生苗进行0、0.75、3、30 mmol·L^-1钙浓度处理,分别测定枳生长期的生物量、叶绿素a和b浓度、根系和叶片钙元素含量、观察根系活性氧(ROS)的产生和胼胝质沉积,并分析枳叶片接种Xcc后细胞壁合成相关基因及免疫途径相关基因诱导表达变化特征。【结果】以3 mmol·L^-1钙处理为对照,0、0.75和30 mmol·L^-1钙处理后,...     

β-羟丁酸抑制脂多糖诱导奶牛中性粒细胞核因子-κB信号通路的激活

高酮血症造成奶牛中性粒细胞先天免疫机能受到抑制,本研究探讨β-羟丁酸(BHBA)是否抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛中性粒细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的激活。分离健康奶牛中性粒细胞,采用LPS(100 ng/mL)和不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mmol/L)BHBA作用于中性粒细胞,收集细胞,应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测中性粒细胞中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和NF-κBp65 mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平,比色法检测核因子-κB抑制物激酶β(IKKβ)激酶活性,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌量。结果表明：与对照组(不进行BHBA和LPS处理)相比较,LPS组(单独LPS处理)中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和NF-κBp65 mRNA表达水平和NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平极显著增加(P <0.01),IKKβ激酶活性极显著增强(P<0.01),IL-1β和TNF-α的分泌...     

液相阻断ELISA在奶牛A型口蹄疫抗体水平检测中的应用

用液相阻断ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验)方法对奶牛进行A型口蹄疫抗体水平进行调查,液相阻断ELISA方法在现实应用中对亚洲I型口蹄疫已经成熟,用同样的方法对A型口蹄疫抗体检测,探寻奶牛体内抗体消长规律,制定合理的免疫程序,从而指导奶牛A型口蹄疫的免疫。根据以往免疫经验来看,结果发现90日龄首免后,抗体滴度开始回升,免后21d回升到最高1:324(1:128),之后开始下降,28d后免疫抗体滴度回落至1:204,说明首免抗体维持时间较短,需要进行2免,2免后免疫抗体保护率可维持4个月,再进行3免,抗体滴度又很快回升,且维持较长时间。说明A型口蹄疫间隔28d进行2免,再间隔4个月进行3免,以后每隔4个月免疫1次。适时地加强免疫有利于牛群抵抗A型口蹄疫;FMD疫苗对育成、青年和成年期都有理想的免疫效果。     

药用真菌发酵产物调控肉鸡内分泌及免疫力的研究

将药用真菌接种到以山芋渣为主并添加不同量的黄芪固态基质中进行发酵,获得发酵菌质,研究菌质对肉鸡内源性激素代谢、免疫力的影响。结果表明：菌质作为饲料添加剂饲喂AA肉鸡,对AA肉鸡的内源性激素有明显的调节作用,各试验组的生长激素浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;试验1组的胰岛素、三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;试验2、3组的四碘甲腺原氨酸浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;各试验组的皮质醇浓度低于对照组,但差异不显著。各试验组在配合疫苗使用的情况下,肉鸡血清中禽流感-H5亚型、新城疫抗体滴度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．001）;各试验组的免疫器官重量也比对照组高,说明菌质可提高肉鸡的免疫力。     

螺旋藻多糖调节小鼠免疫功能的作用

为研究螺旋藻多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,将螺旋藻多糖分别以低剂量6.7 ms/kg(推荐的人体每日摄入量)、中剂量67.0 ms/kg和高剂量134.0 mg/kg连续饲喂受试小鼠15 d后,对小鼠进行免疫调节试验.结果表明:螺旋藻多糖在134.0 mg/kg剂量时,可明显增强二硝基氟苯(DNFB)所致的小鼠迟发性超敏反应(P<0.05);中、高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数、高剂量组小鼠血清的半数溶血值(HC_(50))及小鼠的单核-巨噬细胞吞噬指数明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且有明显的剂量.反应关系.根据保健食品免疫调节作用评价标准,螺旋藻多糖具有免疫调节作用.