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101.
Pigs deficient in vitamin E and selenium had a decreased contrast of the intracellular membranes compared with pigs supplemented with vitamin E and selenium. Other common changes in the deficient animals included a reduced number of microvilli, with a short and irregular appearance, numerous swollen mitochondria with empty spaces and intercellular oedema. It is suggested that these morphological changes are attributed to the insufficient supply of vitamin E and selenium, though it is not excluded that particular intestinal factors may participate in the development of the lesions. 相似文献
102.
L.N Payne P.C Powell M.C Rennie L.J.N Ross 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1978,1(1-2):31-36
Current knowledge of the nature of the antigens and of the host immune responses in vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease is reviewed. It is suggested that a two-step mechanism of resistance operates. The first step involves humoral and cell-mediated responses directed against viral antigens; the second step occurs after challenge with Marek's disease virus and consists of cellmediated responses directed against tumour cells. 相似文献
103.
Spickler AR Roth JA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):273-281
Vaccine adjuvants are chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian proteins that enhance the immune response to vaccine antigens. Interest in reducing vaccine-related adverse effects and inducing specific types of immunity has led to the development of numerous new adjuvants. Adjuvants in development or in experimental and commercial vaccines include aluminum salts (alum), oil emulsions, saponins, immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), liposomes, microparticles, nonionic block copolymers, derivatized polysaccharides, cytokines, and a wide variety of bacterial derivatives. The mechanisms of action of these diverse compounds vary, as does their induction of cell-mediated and antibody responses. Factors influencing the selection of an adjuvant include animal species, specific pathogen, vaccine antigen, route of immunization, and type of immunity needed. 相似文献
104.
The studies reviewed here evaluated the role cellular immune system components play in control of brucellosis by conducting comparative studies with brucella-resistant C57BL/10 or C57BL/6 mice and susceptible BALB/c mice. We have shown by both in vitro and in vivo studies that activation of macrophages with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important factor for control of infection with B. abortus in the mouse model and that the mechanism of anti-brucella activity largely involved reactive oxygen intermediates. Differences in control of the organism by resistant and susceptible mice was not related to inherent differences in the ability of their macrophages to control infection either with or without IFN-γ activation nor was it attributable to NK cells since we found no role for them in control of brucellosis in either mouse strain. However, relative resistance to brucellosis did correlate with increased production of IFN-γ by CD4 T cells during the first weeks after infection while IL-10 contributed to susceptibility in BALB/c mice. Moreover, by 3 weeks post-infection splenocytes from the susceptible BALB/c mice failed to produce IFN-γ and relied on TNF- as well as CD8 T cells to control infection until the end of the plateau phase around 6 weeks post-infection when IFN-γ production resumed and clearance began. In contrast, IFN-γ was crucial for control throughout the infection in the more resistant C57BL/6 mice and the mice died in its absence by 6 weeks post-infection compared to 12 weeks for the more susceptible mice that relied on additional mechanisms of control. In contrast to the IFN-γ knock-out mice, both β2 microglobulin knock-out C57BL/6 mice, which do not express conventional MHC class I molecules and thus cannot present antigen to CD8 T cells, or perforin knock-out C57BL/6 mice, which have no T cell cytotoxic activity, controlled and cleared the infection as well as normal C57BL/6 mice. The hiatus of IFN-γ production in BALB/c mice correlated with very high levels of total IL-12 and it was postulated that the lack of IFN-γ was a consequence of p40 homodimer blocking activity. However, reduction of p40 IL-12 in vivo through administration of indomethacin reduced the infection without a concomitant measurable increase in IFN-γ. Current studies are aimed at elucidating the mechanism of the IFN-γ hiatus. 相似文献
105.
Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eimeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37–40 days (30–33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122–125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis. 相似文献
106.
不同感染量REV对鸡免疫反应和细胞毒性作用的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用不同剂量网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)感染肉鸡和SPF鸡后,检测血液中T淋巴细胞对ConA的反应和NK细胞、细胞毒T细胞(CTL)的细胞毒性作用以及NDV抗体生成变化等,观察REV感染对机体非特异性、特异性细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应的影响。结果表明无论高剂量还是低剂量REV感染均造成体液免疫和非特异性细胞免疫抑制,而且高剂量比低剂量对免疫功能的抑制作用更强,但对NK细胞和细胞毒T细胞的细胞杀伤活性却有升高趋势,在抗肿瘤方面发挥一定的作用。这种结果说明REV感染对机体的免疫抑制是有选择性的,且抑制程度与感染病毒量有关。 相似文献
107.
黄芪多糖对人工感染IBDV雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将由未免疫接种腔上囊病疫苗鸡的种蛋孵化而来的160只1日龄海兰白雏鸡随机分为A、B、C和D共4组。A组为对照组,B、C和D组于26日龄时按每只0.3mL的剂量用IBDV攻毒。A、B组未用黄芪多糖(APS)处理,C、D组从攻毒当日起连续胸肌注射APS6d,剂量分别为每只鸡5mg和10mg。分别在21、29、32、35、38日龄时心脏采血1~3mL,测定E—C3bRR、E—ICRR、ERER和ERIR。结果显示,雏鸡感染IBDV后可使E-C3bRR和ERER显著降低(P〈0.01);APS处理组E-C3bRR、E-ICRR、ERER均高于A、B组(P〈0.01),其中D组最高,而ERIR则与A组相似。证实,雏鸡感染IBDV后红细胞免疫功能低下,而APS可显著提高其红细胞免疫功能。 相似文献
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