疑核内有关神经元在机体细胞免疫调节中的作用

研究了疑核内胆碱能神经元、去甲肾上腺素能神经元、脑啡肽能神经元对机体细胞免疫机能的影响 ,并对疑核内 3种神经元之间的相互关系进行了探讨。实验用麻醉家兔 ,分 6组进行 ,分别在疑核处通过微量注射器注入氯化乙酰胆碱 ( Ach)、密胆碱 -3( HC-3)、酒石酸去甲肾上腺素 ( NA)、6-羟基多巴胺 ( 6-OHDA)、盐酸吗啡 ( MP)、盐酸纳络酮 ( NX) ,并分别于注射前和注射后不同时间取外周血 ,测定 T细胞百分率及PHA诱导的有丝分裂原反应。结果 :Ach组上述免疫指标比注射前明显升高 ;HC-3组上述免疫指标比注射前明显降低 ;NA组上述免疫指标在注射后 30、60 min时明显低于注射前 ;6-OHDA组上述免疫指标在注射后 1 0～ 1 2 0 min时明显升高 ;MP组上述免疫指标在注射后 60、1 2 0 min时明显降低 ;NX组上述免疫指标注射前、后无明显变化。提示 :疑核增强机体细胞免疫的作用可能是通过胆碱能神经元实现的 ;疑核内的去甲肾上腺素能神经元与胆碱能神经元的作用相拮抗 ;而疑核内的脑啡肽能神经元可能对前两者的活动起一种调整作用     

包装对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮失水褐变和细胞超微结构的影响

研究了(10±1)℃和50%相对湿度贮藏条件下无包装和0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装的“福眼”龙眼果实果皮失水、果皮褐变和细胞超微结构变化。结果表明,无包装的龙眼果实采后极易失水导致果皮迅速褐变,且褐变随贮藏时间的延长和果皮失水率的增加而升高,果皮褐变指数与果皮失水率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在龙眼果皮失水褐变过程中,果皮细胞的细胞器和膜系统的完整性受到严重的破坏。而聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装则显著减少了果皮失水和抑制果皮褐变,并保持较好的果皮细胞的细胞器和膜系统的完整性。据此认为,聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装抑制龙眼果实失水果皮褐变与其维持细胞器和细胞膜的完整性有联系。     

雏鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫后细胞免疫功能的变化

雏鸡用马立克氏病(MD)三价疫苗免疫后,其脾脏和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡和以火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)疫苗免疫的雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),外周血液T辅助细胞(T_M)和单核细胞数量显著增加(P<0.01或P<0.05);雏鸡HVT疫苗免疫后,脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应比未免疫健康对照雏鸡显著增强(P<0.05),而胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应虽有增强,外周血液T_M数量虽有增加,但均无统计学显著性差异(P>0.05).     

感染CIAV雏鸡免疫器官对ND疫苗的细胞免疫应答

对１日龄感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡接种ＮＤ疫苗后，其免疫器官组织Ｔ细胞数量的动态变化进行研究．结果，感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡ＮＤ疫苗免疫局，其胸腺和脾脏以及盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的Ｔ细胞数量，于接种ＮＤ疫苗后较未感染ＣＩＡＶ免疫对照雏鸡明显减少，表明感染雏鸡的中枢和外周免疫器官及局部免疫组织对ＮＤ疫苗的细胞免疫应答功能明显降低．ＮＤ强毒攻击后，感染免疫鸡的免疫保护率明显低于未感染免疫对照鸡．     

鸡球虫病免疫学研究进展

鸡球虫病是严重危害养禽业的一种寄生虫病。一直以来,鸡球虫病主要依靠药物来进行防治。但是,随着球虫抗药性问题的日益严重,抗球虫新药开发困难及人们对食品安全的关注,药物在球虫病控制中的作用越来越受到限制,因而用免疫方法来控制鸡球虫病日益受到重视,并有望成为主要的技术手段。目前鸡球虫免疫学研究主要集中在鸡球虫免疫原性、宿主免疫应答及寻找有效的鸡球虫保护性抗原等方面。近年来随着分子生物学和现代生物技术的发展,鸡球虫基因工程疫苗以其独特的优势显示其在未来球虫病控制中的诱人前景,并可能取代传统疫苗而成为鸡球虫病防治的主要手段。     

中草药的免疫调节作用

中草药中某些活性成分具有免疫调节作用,参与机体特异性免疫和非特异性免疫的过程。文章主要阐述了中草药某些活性成分对淋巴系统的T、B细胞、巨噬细胞、红细胞、细胞因子和天然杀伤细胞的免疫促进作用及对肿瘤抑制作用。     

青枯雷尔氏菌Tn5转座子无致病力突变株在番茄根部的定殖特性

为筛选防治番茄青枯病的优良生防菌株,本研究以弱化指数、胞外多糖含量和盆栽苗番茄发病率为指标确定20株经形态初步判定为无致病力的青枯雷尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum Tn5突变菌株的致病性,测定其在番茄根部的定殖数量,并于显微镜下观察其定殖特性。结果表明,供试的20株青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株的弱化指数均大于0.75,胞外多糖含量介于1.59~16.68 μg/mL之间,显著低于强致病力菌株FJAT-91,接种40 d番茄植株未出现青枯病症状;20株青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株均能在番茄根部定殖,定殖数量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中菌株T659的定殖数量最大,定殖时间最长,分别为2.86×10⁶CFU/g和35 d;透射电镜观察发现,青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株T659从番茄植株根部表皮细胞中侵入,然后进入维管束厚壁细胞,并在维管束细胞中大量繁殖和定殖,但未引起番茄根部细胞结构病理变化。表明供试的青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株T659的定殖能力最强,具有良好的生防潜力。     

Characterization of the monoclonal antibody specific to the ORF72 protein of koi herpesvirus and cellular distribution analysis of the viral protein

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is an emerging pathogen of koi and common carp that causes a severe disease and mass mortality of infected fish. The KHV ORF72 protein is an important capsid protein that has been suggested to be a candidate for the development of diagnostic reagents and KHV vaccines. The purpose of this study was to clone and express the KHV ORF72 gene for further preparation of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to analyse cellular distribution of the viral protein. The mAb 3E1 could specifically recognize the expressed ORF72 protein of transfected cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and the antigenic site recognized by the mAb 3E1 was mapped to the region of N-terminal 124 residues of KHV ORF72. This mAb was further demonstrated to specifically detect the KHV-infected fish tissue by immunohistochemistry, thereby suggesting its high diagnostic potential. In addition, the cellular distribution analysis of the KHV ORF72 protein revealed that the region of amino acid residues 125–247 was related to mitochondrial localization and proliferation. Furthermore, a putative nuclear export signal (NES) of ORF72 at the residues 201–212 was confirmed on the basis of its function associated with NES activity.     

Levamisole and its influence on the immune response of lambs

Ten parasite-free lambs were drenched with 8 mg/kg of levamisole on days 0 and 28 and were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin one day after each drench. Ten other antigen-injected lambs were not drenched with anthelmintic as controls. Lymphocytes from the control and drenched lambs were culturedin vitro with RPMI 1640 plus 5% fetal calf serum (FCS), with 50% autologous serum only, with concanavalin A (Con A) or with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased blastogenesis was observed in cells from the drenched lambs cultured in the presence or absence of mitogen and was most obvious when 50% autologous serum was used, particularly with PHA, and when lymphocytes were collected 3 and 7 days after the first and 3 days after the second antigen injection. There were no significant changes in antibody titres between the groups. Decreased serum complement activity was seen 3 days after the second antigen injection in the drenched lambs. Although there was a significant reduction in the serum insulin-like growth factor I levels 4 days after each levamisole drench, the drenched lambs gained significantly more weight than the non-drenched control lambs.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin - EIA enzyme immunoassay - FCS fetal calf serum - GH growth hormone - IGF-I insulin growth factor I - PHA phytohaemagglutinin     

中药复方粗提物对IBDV感染细胞能力的影响

将中药方1、方2、和方3的粗提物与鸡传染性法氏囊病毒以三种顺序（先加中药后加病毒、先加病毒后加中药、中药和病毒同时加入）加入到培养24h、已长成完整单层的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）上，观察它们对病毒感染细胞能力的影响。结果表明：在细胞安全浓度范围内，方1、方2和方3的粗提物在先于病毒或与病毒同时加入时均能抑制病毒感染，且与浓度与加药方式有关；以补气、清热凉血、滋阴为主的方3优于以补气、清热凉血为主的方1和以补气为主的方2。