小麦及其近缘种叶枯病的病斑型及其细胞超微结构特点

应用离体叶片点滴接种平脐蠕孢菌Bipolaris sorokiniana孢子悬浮液并进行电镜观察,研究小麦及其近缘种属叶片上病斑型的发生特点及病、健组织细胞内部超微结构的变化。结果表明,不同品种小麦相同发育阶段的离体叶上病斑型的变化仅与其自身抗病性遗传表达有关。小麦病斑的反应型变化过程,随时间在品种、叶位、不同发育阶段间存在差异,叶肉病变细胞中细胞器结构及功能完好的为14.3%,变化的为28.6%,解体和功能丧失的为57.1%;小麦近缘种病斑的反应型不随时间改变,仅在种属间存在差异,且叶位间的差异不显著,大赖草病变细胞中细胞器结构及功能完好、改变和丧失的均为33.3%。     

局部应用IL-12对小鼠S180实体瘤的抗瘤效应及机制初探

目的研究白细胞介素-12（Interleukin 12,IL-12）对小鼠S180实体瘤的抗肿瘤作用并初步探讨其机制.方法将小鼠左后肢皮下接种S180细胞荷瘤后的BaLB/c小鼠随机分为生理盐水组和IL-12组,分别给予生理盐水和IL-12.接种第28天,眼球取血,流式细胞仪分析外周血T细胞亚群的变化;解剖取瘤称重,计...     

蜂胶类黄酮对糖尿病合并肺结核患者外周血WBC与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨蜂胶类黄酮对糖尿病合并肺结核（diabetes mellitus complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis,DM-PTB）患者外周血中WBC与T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 以DM-PTB患者120人为对象,利用随机数字表采用完全随机法分成A（蜂胶黄酮1 000 mg/d）、B（蜂胶黄酮2 000 mg/d）、C（条件对照）三组,每组40人,观察6个月,比较综合治疗前后白细胞计数（WBC）及分类（淋巴细胞L和中性粒细胞N）、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺数量及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值的变化,并比较组内前后差异和组间差异。结果 三组7项观测指标自身前后配对差值（治疗后-治疗前）的均数比较Hotelling T²=515.359,P=0.000;治疗7项观测指标差别Wilks λ=0.017,P=0.000,其中多重比较结果为WBC的B组大于A与C组,L的B组> A组> C组,N的B组大于A与C组,CD3⁺的B 与A组大于C组,CD4⁺的B组>A组>C组,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值多重比较结果为B 与A组大于C组。结论 蜂胶类黄酮能提高DM-PTB患者的细胞免疫水平。     

Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are important in orchestrating the immune response during health and disease. Recent reports indicated that cytokine mRNA expression in foals is often quantitatively lower than that of adult horses suggesting that foal T cells are not fully mature. Here, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from foals and adult horses were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and analyzed for intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 production, representing the Th1, Th2 and regulatory T_R1 cell phenotypes respectively, by flow cytometry. In agreement with previous reports, all three cytokines were quantitatively reduced in foals compared to adults. However, the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio) showed a clear Th1-biased response in foals by 6 and 12 weeks of life, while similar IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios were found in foals and adult horses. By day 5 after birth, intracellular IFN-γ production by foal CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells resembled that in adults. Overall, IL-4 production was low in foals. IL-4⁺ cells peaked at day 5 of age when IL-4 was mainly produced by IgE⁺ cells. Relative percentages of IL-4⁺ Th2 cells were significantly lower in foals at all time points. The data suggested that equine neonates and young foals have an impaired Th2 response, that the immune response of foals is Th1 biased, that IFN-γ production by Th and cytotoxic T cells is qualitatively similar to adult horses, and regulatory IL-10 production by T cells is developmentally mature in foals during the first three months of life.     

CA-Markov模型在土地利用模拟研究中的应用

土地利用变化模拟研究是土地利用变化研究的热点。研究土地利用变化模拟的方法很多,将各个模型相互结合逐渐成为土地利用变化模拟的研究前沿。该文简要回顾了马尔科夫链模型和元胞自动机模型在土地利用模拟中的研究进展,探讨了这2种模型在研究中的优缺点,并对其今后在土地利用变化模拟中的发展趋势提出了展望,以为土地利用变化模拟研究提供参考。     

静磁场对人白血病细胞K562 DNA的损伤模式研究

【目的】研究静磁场处理对人白血病细胞DNA的损伤模式与损伤程度,为肿瘤细胞的物理治疗提供依据。【方法】以人白血病细胞K562为试材,对其进行8.8mT静磁场处理6,12,24,30,36h后,采用MTT检测细胞活力并对细胞进行计数,同时联合使用单细胞凝胶电泳以及原子力显微镜观测方法,分析经过静磁场处理后K562细胞DNA的损伤模式。【结果】K562细胞在8.8mT静磁场中处理24h,细胞生长受到抑制,细胞彗星尾长与对照相比有显著差异(P<0.05);处理时间延长到30h,尾部DNA含量和尾长与对照相比均有极显著性差异(P<0.01),表明随着静磁场处理时间的增加,K562细胞DNA的损伤模式与损伤程度发生变化。原子力显微镜观察结果显示,静磁场处理12h,K562细胞DNA已经发生损伤,细胞DNA分子的平均高度增加,平均长度减小;静磁场处理24h,DNA链变短变粗,小片段DNA明显增多,部分DNA发生断裂;静磁场处理36h,细胞DNA形态发生显著变化,DNA大部分断裂成小片段,小片段DNA之间相互交联成板状聚集体。【结论】8.8mT静磁场对K562细胞有杀伤效应,并且这种杀伤作用具有随处理时间延长而累积的效应。随着静磁场处理时间的延长,细胞DNA经历了解链-断裂-交联和断裂并存的变化过程,DNA损伤程度亦逐步加剧。     

基于GPU的虚拟植物生长的双尺度自动机模型实现方法

为提高双尺度自动机模型绘制植物图形的速度,给出其基于图形处理器（GPU）的并行实现方法。该方法将拓扑结构与归一化植物器官相结合构造三维植物图形：首先在GPU顶点着色器（vertex shader）中构造拓扑结构,然后在GPU几何着色器（geometry shader）中实现几何造型,最后将几何结构数据渲染到帧缓存中显示。选取植物学家给出的一株白杨进行基于GPU的生长模拟试验。结果显示,随绘制顶点数的增加,采用GPU进行绘制,相对CPU而言,其加速比可以从几倍扩大到十几倍以上。该方法可进一步应用于大规模自然场景绘制、虚拟农业等领域。     

玫瑰茄多糖对小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响

玫瑰茄多糖设置低、中、高3个剂量组和1个对照组,给(SPF)小鼠连续灌胃4周,以脾淋巴细胞转化功能、迟发性变态反应(DTH)、溶血空斑数、半数溶血值(HC50)等为指标,观察瑰茄多糖对小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响。结果表明:与对照组比较,脾淋巴细胞转化功能、迟发性变态反应(DTH)、溶血空斑数、半数溶血值(HC50)测定实验均有显著提高作用。其中,高剂量组对小鼠迟发型变态反应能力(DTH)影响、半数溶血值(HC50)达到极显著水平(P0.01),高剂量组对小鼠溶血空斑数的影响达到显著水平(P0.05)。说明玫瑰茄多糖具有增强小鼠体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能的作用。     

细胞工程技术选育的草地早熟禾新种质的耐热性分析

通过对离体培养的草地早熟禾丛生芽块进行高温处理,筛选出一批耐热性好的小芽。小芽成苗后移栽到花盆在自然条件下生长。半年后对这些株系和原品种的植株进行热胁迫处理,同时测定叶绿素荧光、丙二醛含量、离子渗漏率、叶绿素含量等生理指标的变化,得出细胞工程株系的植株耐热性明显较高,热胁迫处理后损伤程度小于原品种植株。表明利用细胞工程技术能有效获得耐热性显著提高的草地早熟禾植株,为选育草地早熟禾耐热新种质提供材料。     

Early Morphological and Physiological Events Occurring During Germination of Maize Seeds

The early morphological and physiological events occurring during maize （Zea mays cv. Nongda 108） seed imbibition and germination were studied. Water uptake of seeds exhibited a triphasic pattern with a marked increase during the initial phase of imbibition, and then a slow increase, followed by a second substantial increase. Imbibition time for 10 and 50% of seed germination was about 26 and 46 h at 30℃, respectively. The relative conductivity of maize seeds dramatically decreased during the initial phase of imbibition, followed by a substantial increase. Respiratory rate of seeds gradually increased with imbibition. Length of root cap cells decreased during the initial phase and then increased; those of meristematic zone cells increased during the initial phase and then decreased; and those of elongation zone cells and of the whole elongation zone of the radicle gradually increased during germination. The contents of soluble sugars and starch in embryos gradually decreased as the activities of α- and β-amylase strikingly increased with imbibition. In the meantime, protein contents of embryos gradually decreased and free amino acid content increased. The activities of aminopeptidase and endopeptidase increased until 12 h of imbibition and then decreased. It is concluded that germination of maize seeds is mainly completed by extension of cells in the elongation zone of the radicle, and that mobilization of stored reserves in the embryo during the initial phase of imbibition is also an early event during seed germination.