6种药剂防治福寿螺效果试验研究

通过对6种常用杀螺药剂室内药效比较试验,了解常用杀螺剂的灭螺效果。【方法】采集稻田和菜地排水沟中自然繁殖的福寿螺,选用6％劈螺斩颗粒剂,6％密达颗粒剂,65％螺消可溶粉剂,50％杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂,生石灰,茶麸6种药剂,采用室内药效试验方法进行防治实验。【结果】参试农药对福寿螺都有一定的防治效果,但防治效果有较大...     

洞庭湖环湖丘岗区土壤动物群落组成及分布

以洞庭湖环湖丘岗区4个生态系统为标准样地研究土壤动物群落的组成、垂直结构及季节性变化。全部调查共获得土壤动物31 298只、30类分别隶属于4门13纲29目。其中,蜱螨类、弹尾类、等翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅成虫和双翅幼虫为最重要类群。被调查的4个生境的土壤动物群落,个体数量变化趋势是:针阔混交林>茶林>竹林>阔叶林,类群数变化趋势是:竹林=茶林>针阔混交林>阔叶林。4个生境土壤动物的个体数和类群数均具有明显的表聚性,并随土层加深动物个体数及类群数递减的规律。土壤动物的多样性以冬季、春季最丰富,夏季最少,季节变化的波动性较大。     

茂兰保护区漏斗森林大型土壤动物多样性研究

2013年7 ～ 10月对茂兰喀斯特漏斗森林内的大型土壤动物进行调查.结果表明,共采集到大型土壤动物样本15 808只,隶属3门7纲20目,其中优势类群为膜翅目和鞘翅目,常见类群为蜘蛛目、盲蛛目、蜱螨目、蜚蠊目、同翅目、弹尾目、等足目、腹足类、唇足类、倍足类、直翅目,其余类群为稀有种群.生境结构的不同导致土壤动物在种群结构、数量、多样性、均匀度、优势度上存在显著差异.     

吉林省烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术

试验研究了吉林省烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术,以探明其对烟苗生长的微环境和肥料利用率及早生快发的影响。通过对不同的移栽苗龄及大田移栽期所培育烤烟的农艺性状、肥料利用率、烤后化学成分及经济性状的分析比较,结果表明:小苗膜下移栽使苗穴内能够保持相对稳定的温度,为幼苗提供适宜的生长环境,优于常规移栽方法。烟株的各项农艺性状表现较好,对肥料的利用率显著高于对照,烤后经济性状提高,化学成分协调性改善。小苗膜下移栽技术最佳移栽苗龄为6叶龄,最佳移栽时期为4月26日至5月1日。     

2010-2016年四川省食品动物源大肠杆菌的耐药性研究

【目的】了解2010-2016年四川省食品动物源大肠杆菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况及其耐药基因的变迁。【方法】以2010―2016年收集的444株食品动物源大肠杆菌(鸡源225株,猪源219株)为对象,采用纸片扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法分别检测其产ESBLs情况和药物敏感性;采用PCR测序法和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)检测携带ESBLs菌株的基因型特征和部分菌株的亲缘关系。【结果】444株大肠杆菌中,产ESBLs菌株的检出率为27.7%,其中鸡源菌和猪源菌检出率分别为42.2%和12.8%。2010-2016年产ESBLs菌株从16.9%升高至40.4%,鸡源菌株ESBLs检出率随时间变化比猪源菌更明显;ESBLs阳性菌株对大多数药物的耐药率显著高于阴性菌株,且多重耐药性问题更严重;产ESBLs菌株携带的耐药基因以bla_TEM和bla_CTX-M为主,并以bla_TEM-1(63.3%)、bla_TEM-52(32.1%)、bla_CTX-M-55(42.2%)、bla_CTX-M-65(27.8%)和bla_CTX-M-14(21.1%)为主要流行亚型,且检出率及ESBLs基因亚型复杂性呈逐年上升趋势;ESBLs阳性菌株有广泛PFGE谱型,即便携带相同基因型的菌株也不存在亲缘关系。【结论】四川食品动物源大肠杆菌产ESBLs菌株检出率及其耐药基因亚型的复杂程度呈逐年上升趋势,ESBLs是造成多重耐药性的主要原因,ESBLs耐药基因以水平传播为主。     

The first survey and molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in farm animals on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China

Protozoans of Entamoeba spp. are globally distributed zoonotic parasites that infect diverse animal hosts and humans. Prevalence and species/genotypes distribution of Entamoeba spp. in domestic animals are not fully investigated on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), an animal husbandry and agriculture region of China. In a survey, 528 fecal samples were collected from 7 species of domestic animals on multiple locations across QTP region and analyzed by PCR and sequencing analysis. The overall prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infection in all examined animals was 97.9 %. Four Entamoeba species, E. bovis, E. moshkovskii, E. ecuadoriensis and E. histolytica were found, and majority (94.2 %) of Entamoeba-infected animals harbored E. bovis. Six Entamoeba genotypes, Entamoeba ribosomal lineages (RL) 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 were identified by sequencing analysis. Two zoonotic species, E. moshkovskii and E. histolytica, were present in horses, while E. ecuadoriensis and E. bovis were found in horses and all species of seven farm animals, respectively. It was also observed that six Entamoeba genotypes were distributed in animals in specific pattern. The results revealed high prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infection in livestock, broad range of hosts as well as diversity and species/genotype distribution of Entamoeba spp. in farm animals inhabiting on the high altitude QTP region.     

Detection of Brucella species in the milk of infected cattle,sheep, goats and camels by PCR

One hundred and three milk samples were collected from 52 cows, 21 ewes, 18 goats and 12 camels. The animals tested positive to at least one of the following: (1) standard tube agglutination test (SAT); (2) Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT); (3) milk ring test (MRT). All milk samples were examined by culture and single-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for detection of Brucella species. The PCR assay amplified Brucella-DNA from 29 bovine milk samples, 10 from sheep, 13 from goats and one from a camel. The direct culture method detected Brucella organisms from 24 samples of cows' milk, 12 from sheep, 10 from goats and failed to detect any Brucella organisms from camels' milk. PCR detected up to 100 colony forming units (CFU) of B. abortus per millilitre of milk in 100% of diluted milk samples, and 1000 CFU of B. melitensis from 70% of milk samples. Although the overall sensitivity of the PCR was higher than the culture method, it should be possible to increase the sensitivity to detect lower numbers of Brucella organisms in field samples. The speed and sensitivity of the PCR assay suggest that this technique could be useful for detection of Brucella organisms in bovine milk, as well as in sheep, goat, and camels milk.     

Veterinary cancer registries in companion animal cancer: a review

Current and prior veterinary cancer registries are few in number and scattered. Different inclusion criteria, dissimilar collection methods and variable reference population estimation methods pose obstacles in the comparisons between veterinary and human cancer registries. Veterinary cancer registries have yielded information on the risk and incidence of different cancer types in certain breeds and geographical regions, as well as provided information on genetic and environmental risk factors in some cancers. The objective of this article is to review the prior and current veterinary cancer registries, the information they have contributed and to discuss different issues relating to their structure including inclusion criteria, study populations, reference populations utilized in evaluations, recorded variables and the outcome from these.     

牛磺酸在水产饲料中的应用

本文概述了牛磺酸的含量及分布、合成与代谢、生物学作用及其在水产饲料中的应用效果,并指出了牛磺酸在水产养殖中的应用前景及研究方向。     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.