Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

蜂胶化学成分的最新研究进展

近年来蜂胶的化学成分，尤其是来自热带地区的蜂胶化学成分已成为国外蜂胶研究的热点。蜂胶的化学成分主要包括黄酮类化合物，芳香酸与芳香酸酯、醛与酮类化合物、脂肪酸与脂肪酸脂、萜类化合物、甾体化合物、氮基酸、糖类化合物、烃类化合物、醇和酚类及其它化合物。本文综述了近年来国外蜂胶化学成分的最新研究进展。     

Effects of a pantothenic acid supplementation to different rations on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow at the duodenum, and on blood and milk variables of dairy cows

To investigate the effects of a dietary pantothenic acid (PA) supplementation on duodenal nutrient flows, blood and milk variables and especially on duodenal PA flows and PA concentrations in blood and milk German Holstein cows, equipped with cannulas in the dorsal sac of the rumen and in the proximal duodenum were used. In the first experiment of the study two dry and six lactating cows received a diet with a forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio of 34:66 (high concentrate, HC), whereas in the second experiment a diet with a F:C ratio of 66:34 (high forage, HF) was fed to four dry and five lactating cows. The cows received both rations with or without 1 g PA/day. By supplementing PA to the HC ration, the molar percentage of acetic acid increased, whereas the concentration of total short chain fatty acids, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the serum glucose levels, decreased. With the HF ration the PA decreased the molar percentage of propionic acid and increased the amount of ruminally fermented organic matter. Furthermore, PA supplementation only increased the duodenal PA flow with the HF ration, while the serum and milk PA concentrations and milk PA yields were not affected. Based on the results of the present study, a rumen-unprotected supplementation of PA makes no sense.     

阿胶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

阿胶是由用驴皮加工制作而成的一味传统中药,具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。随着科技进步,近年涌现了大量有关阿胶成分和药效作用的报道。为了便于了解阿胶及其功效,论文对相关的研究报道进行了概述。探讨了阿胶的组成成分和主要的药效成分,重点介绍了阿胶止血、补血,抑瘤增效,提高免疫力等方面的作用和药理机制,特别是总结了阿胶补血作用机制的不同观点,以期为阿胶的进一步研究与开发利用提供依据。     

饲粮添加脯氨酸对妊娠环江香猪体成分的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加脯氨酸对妊娠环江香猪体成分的影响。选取32头妊娠15 d的环江香猪,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头猪。2组试验猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.77%L-丙氨酸(等氮对照组)和1.00%L-脯氨酸(脯氨酸组)的饲粮。分别于妊娠第45和70天时,每个重复选择1头母猪屠宰,测定其体成分。结果表明:与等氮对照组相比,妊娠第45天时脯氨酸组环江香猪的脂肪率显著降低(P0.05),皮肤率呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10);妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),皮肤率呈降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10),背最长肌中脯氨酸的含量显著增加(P0.05),精氨酸和丙氨酸的含量呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。与妊娠第45天时相比,妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),瘦肉率与皮肤率显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加脯氨酸可增加妊娠环江香猪机体脂肪和精氨酸的沉积量,妊娠中期的机体脂肪沉积量比妊娠前期有所增加,从而有利于胎儿的生长发育。     

添加黑麦草饲粮对鹅肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本研究旨在观察饲粮中添加不同比例多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam)对鹅肉脂肪酸组成影响,揭示牧草摄食量与鹅肉α-亚麻酸(ALA)相对含量之间的关系。选用50羽14日龄长乐灰鹅,分成5个处理,饲养期60 d。各处理饲粮中黑麦草干物质比例分别为: 0.00%(CK),5.42%,11.92%,19.52%和27.24%。结果表明:随着饲粮中黑麦草比例的提高,鹅肉ALA相对含量显著增加,试验各组分别比对照组增加了86.90%,197.24%(P<0.05),393.10%(P<0.05)和304.83%(P<0.05);PUFA/SFA显著上升(P<0.05);n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA显著下降(P<0.05)。鹅肉ALA相对含量与饲粮中黑麦草比例的曲线回归模型方程为:y=0.270+0.106x-0.002x²(F=22.99^**)。当饲粮中黑麦草的干物质比例在0%～26.50%时,鹅肉ALA的含量呈上升趋势;当黑麦草的比例超过26.50%时,鹅肉ALA的含量转而呈下降趋势。说明黑麦草中的ALA能够通过摄食消化过程沉积到鹅肉中。     

不同处理全棉籽对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响

本试验采用交叉设计,选择年龄、胎次、泌乳量、泌乳日龄都较接近的12头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为6组,每组2头,进行为期45天的饲养试验,研究不同处理的全棉籽替代等量精料对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响.结果表明:用2kg不同处理的全棉籽(脱绒、带绒、带绒压扁)等量替代精料后,三个不同处理全棉籽对泌乳牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响差异均不显著(P＞0.05).从CF和NDF的消化率来看,压扁带绒棉籽组有降低CF和NDF消化率的趋势.     

陇东旱塬冬小麦复种饲草轮作系统产量和水分利用特征

在陇东黄土高原大田条件下,连续2年研究了冬小麦-饲草复种轮作系统的干物质产量和水分利用,研究采用的处理有:休闲-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(F-W-V-W),休闲-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(F-W-R-W),饲用油菜-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(R-W-V-W)和饲用油菜-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(R-W-R-W)。结果表明:麦茬复种饲草可比麦茬休闲提高系统生产力27%,蛋白质产量增加1100 kg/hm², 同时对后茬冬小麦产量无影响。R-W-R-W模式下干物质产量、粗蛋白产量、干物质水分利用效率和蛋白质水分利用效率均最优,分别为30.68 t/hm²、3.25 t/hm²、7.80 kg/(mm·hm²)和0.92 kg/(mm·hm²)(P<0.05)。复种饲用油菜较箭筈豌豆产量高,有效利用了麦茬后降雨量,但箭筈豌豆粗蛋白含量较饲用油菜高22.4%,因此确定麦茬复种模式则需权衡干物质产量与蛋白质产量的需求。     

柴胡提取物对热应激奶牛生产性能和血液代谢的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同剂量的柴胡(Radix bupleuri)提取物对热应激奶牛生理指标、生产性能和血液代谢的影响,采用完全随机区组试验设计,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次将48头健康的泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组12头,在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.5、2.5、5.0g·kg~(-1)的柴胡提取物,试验期10周。结果表明,添加柴胡提取物对直肠温度、采食量、产奶量、乳蛋白产量和体细胞评分呈二次方程的影响(P0.05),采食量、产奶量和乳蛋白产量在0.5g·kg~(-1)添加水平时数值最大,直肠温度和体细胞评分在0.5g·kg~(-1)添加水平时数值最小。随着柴胡提取物添加剂量的增加,乳尿素氮、乳脂率、总固形物和血液中白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和β-羟丁酸浓度均线性降低(P0.05),甘油三酯浓度线性增加(P0.01)。与对照组相比,2.5和5.0g·kg~(-1)组的血浆尿素氮浓度显著增高(P=0.05),5.0g·kg~(-1)组的总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组和0.5g·kg~(-1)组。因此,本研究建议柴胡提取物在热应激奶牛上的适宜用量为0.5g·kg~(-1),低于5.0g·kg~(-1)的剂量为安全用量。