木薯生氰糖苷研究进展

木薯是世界上第五大粮食作物。但由于含有生氰糖苷，食用处理不完全的木薯产品会对人体产生危害，这在某种程度上限制了其在食品中的广泛应用。因此，对木薯生氰糖苷的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文对木薯生氰糖苷的生物合成以及人们在降低生氰糖苷含量方面的研究工作进行阐述，并对未来获得没有或低含量生氰糖苷的木薯产品提出展望。     

木糖醇渣栽培香菇研究

木糖醇渣是以玉米芯为原料生产木糖醇所产生的废料。以木糖醇渣做为栽培料生产香菇，效果良好；生产周期缩短３０ｄ，生物转化率达９０％以上。     

木薯全粉的功能特性

开发推广木薯源大宗食物,充分发挥木薯的资源优势,拓展人们日常消费的食物资源,积极应对日益严重的粮食危机.通过对木薯全粉与鲜木薯、木薯淀粉中的营养成分的测定对比,及对木薯全粉的黏度特性、透光率、膨胀度等进行分析,并对木薯全粉的营养成分保留及功能性质进行评价,探讨木薯全粉在食品工业中的潜在应用范围.结果表明,木薯全粉相对于鲜木薯、木薯淀粉营养成分保持良好,食用安全,同时具有较好的加工性能,在食品工业中应用前景广阔.     

康宁木霉固态发酵改善茶渣营养价值

本试验旨在研究康宁木霉固态发酵茶渣,提高茶渣营养价值,并筛选出最佳的发酵条件。用单因素试验优化发酵茶渣的基质比例（茶渣∶玉米粉=6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1）、料液比（3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3）、接种量（2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）、发酵温度（25、28、31、34、37 ℃）和发酵时间（0、2、4、6、8、10、14、22 d）。以基质比例、发酵温度、接种量和发酵时间为影响因素,进行L9（3⁴）正交试验确定茶渣最优发酵条件。测定各组发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、还原糖、黄酮、皂苷和咖啡因含量,计算各组合的综合评分。确定最优条件后进行对比试验,比较了发酵前后茶渣的营养成分、活性物质和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明：1）单因素试验中,以下条件的综合评分最高：基质比例为7∶3,料液比为5∶5,接种量为8%,发酵温度为31 ℃,发酵时间为6 d。2）正交试验表明,康宁木霉发酵茶渣（料液比为5∶5）的最佳条件是：基质比例为7.0∶2.5,发酵温度为31 ℃,接种量为7%,发酵时间为6或7 d。3）与未发酵茶渣相比,最优条件下发酵茶渣的粗蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、咖啡因、多种游离氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、风味氨基酸/总氨基酸均显著提高（P<0.05）,皂苷含量显著降低（P<0.001）,粗脂肪含量与未发酵茶渣无显著差异（P>0.05）。发酵6和7 d的茶渣营养成分和活性物质含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此可见,康宁木霉发酵茶渣能够改善茶渣的营养价值。     

沙棘籽的综合利用Ⅰ——沙棘籽油渣的化学成分研究

以甘肃省漳县产沙棘籽提油后的渣为原料对其所含化学成分进行了研究。实验结果表明，油渣中含有十多类化学成分，特别是含有丰富的蛋白质、糖类、可食纤维素、钾、镁、铬、硒和锰等人体必需的营养成分。说明沙棘籽中的大部分生物活性物质在提油之后仍遗留在油渣中。为了提高沙棘资源的利用率、增加沙棘籽的附加值，必须进一步深入研究沙棘籽油渣的化学成分及其提取工艺，开发这些成分的新用途，对沙棘籽实行综合利用。     

Root distribution ofDactyladenia (Acioa) barteri andSenna (Cassia) siamea in alley cropping on Ultisol. I. Implication for field experimentation

Root observations were carried out on a typic Paleudult in the humid forest zone of south eastern Nigeria in an alley cropping trial usingDactyladenia (Acioa) barteri andSenna (Cassia) siamea as hedgerow trees and the interrow space planted to maize/cassava intercrop. Rooting depth ofD. barteri andS. siamea exceeded 1.6 m. Lateral root propagation ofS. siamea was 15 m, and ofD. barteri was 5 m from the hedgerows. The whole no-tree control plot was within the range of roots of the adjacent hedgerows. Rooting density and depth ofS. siamea in the no-tree control plot was generally higher than of cassava.S. siamea and cassava root density were inversely correlated. Assuming radial symmetry of root propagation, water and nutrients were available from an area 6.1 and 2.3 times larger than the allocated plot size ofS. siamea andD. barteri, respectively. Data obtained in alley cropping trials, not considering lateral root propagation, can be invalidated through exploitation of the no-tree control treatment and nutrient acquisition by hedgerow species from a larger area than allocated, thus underestimating and overestimating the performances of the respective treatments. Possible alternative measures for avoiding root interference are discussed but no good solution can be given.     

Study on Feed Value of Cassava Residue for Growing-Fishing Pigs

To determine the apparent digestibility of cassava residue (CR) nutrient and the effects of CR on growth performance when replaced the different levels corn in diet,two experiments were designed.In the first experiment,8 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrow pigs with the similar weight (22.46 kg±1.08 kg) were chosen for determining the apparent digestibility of CR.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days,and the trial period lasted for 5 days.In the second experiment,160 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred pigs with the similar weight(21.09 kg±0.72 kg) were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates per group and eight pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet while the experimental groups were fed diets containing 5%,10%,15% and 20% levels of substitution of corn by CR,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 5 days,and the trial period lasted for 30 days.The results showed that the content of CP and EE in CR were 2.73% and 0.68%,but CF and total energy were 15.34% and 13.55 MJ/kg.The content of Lys and Thr were 0.11% and 0.08%,respectively.Calcium and phosphorus apparent digestibility were low,just only 40.24% and 34.76%,respectively,while apparent total energy digestibility was 65.62%.The apparent digestibility of Arg,Glu,Tyr,Met,Leu and Val were higher than 80%.The average daily gain was reduced with increasing dose of CR,which the group of 15% and 20% addition were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05).However,the average daily gain of 5% and 10% groups were no significant difference with the control group(P >0.05).The feed cost of 5% and 10% addition groups were decreased by 0.01 and 0.05 yuan.In conclusion,under this experimental condition,the appropriate addition of CR for growing-fishing pig (20 to 50 kg ) was 5% to 10% in the diet.     

木薯农艺性状及品质对不同海拔梯度的响应

为了探究木薯农艺性状及块根品质对不同海拔梯度的响应,进而明确海拔梯度变化对木薯生长的影响。以木薯品种‘SC205’、‘GR4’为材料,于800~1600 m的海拔上种植。同海拔木薯的株高、茎粗、主茎高和落叶高度随时间不断增加而增加,但同时间段,随海拔升高呈降低趋势,2个品种在8—10月生长最快,11月生长相对缓慢,到12月生长基本停止;随海拔梯度升高,同一木薯品种块根品质呈上升趋势,除粗纤维含量外,其他均差异达极显著;同海拔不同木薯品种间,除粗纤维含量外差异显著;块根品质含量最高多出现在海拔1400 m,最低在海拔1000 m或800 m。不同海拔下,海拔800 m、1000 m木薯生长旺盛,海拔1400 m块根品质相对较好,生产上应根据用途选择适宜的木薯种植海拔。     

纯木薯废弃物栽培平菇的配方优化及效益分析

【目的】筛选以纯木薯废弃物为原料、适合平菇栽培的培养基配方,为实现木薯产业废弃物资源化提供参考依据。【方法】以不同比例的木薯杆、木薯酒精渣配制成6个培养基配方,以桑枝屑、棉籽壳各半添加15.0%麸皮的常规配方作对照,通过袋栽方式栽培平菇,比较木薯杆、木薯酒精渣不同添加比例对平菇菌丝生长、生物学转化率及生产效益的影响。【结果】木薯杆、木薯酒精渣不同配比培养基对平菇菌丝生长及生物学效率的影响不同,综合考虑平菇菌丝生长、生物转化率及生产效益,以木薯杆52.00%-67.00%、木薯酒精渣30.00%-45.00%、石灰2.00%、石膏1.00%为配方进行平菇栽培效果较佳。【结论】以木薯杆、木薯酒精渣等纯木薯产业废弃物为原料并添加石灰、石膏的配方栽培平菇,既能有效利用木薯产业副产品,保护环境,又能保证生产平菇的经济效益。     

木薯二倍体及其同源四倍体叶片形态、生理及抗螨特征比较

为比较二倍体及其同源四倍体木薯叶片之间的差异,本试验以木薯华南205、南植199的二倍体及其同源四倍体植株为材料,测定其叶片形态结构和逆境生理指标,鉴定其抗螨性,并进行相关性分析。叶片形态结构和生理指标测定结果表明,木薯同源四倍体的叶片厚度、中裂叶宽、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、单宁含量、多酚氧化酶以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均高于其二倍体,中裂叶长、叶形指数、气孔密度和丙二醛含量均低于其二倍体。抗螨性鉴定结果发现,木薯同源四倍体的抗螨性均强于其二倍体。相关性分析结果表明,螨害指数与叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、多酚氧化酶活性以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈极显著负相关,与单宁含量呈显著负相关,与气孔密度、丙二醛含量呈显著正相关。本研究为木薯倍性育种、抗性育种工作提供了科学依据。