闽南-台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类食性的研究

本文对闽南一台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类(多齿蛇鲻、花斑蛇鲻和大头狗母鱼)的食料生物组成、摄食强度的季节变化以及消化器官与食性等方面进行了探讨。结果表明，这三种狗母鱼类都属于游泳动物食性的底层鱼类，而且是同种残食的中级肉食性鱼类，其食料生物组成比较简单，主要摄食鱼类和头足类，还兼食长尾类、短尾类和口足类。被捕食对象的大小，随着捕食对象(多齿蛇鲻或花斑蛇鲻)叉长的增加而增大。狗母鱼类周年均有摄食，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻在产卵盛期(3—4月)摄食强度较高。它们的消化器官的形态结构与其肉食性相适应，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻的消化器官和食性相近似，比大头狗母鱼的食性较凶猛。     

我国鲢鳙鳊鲫鱼肉蛋白质冷藏稳定性的研究

采用肌原纤维（Ｍｆ）ＡＴＰ酶活性和溶解度考察鲢鳙鳊鲫四种淡水鱼的冷藏稳定性,显示出完全一致的对应结果,即－２０℃鲢鳙变性严重,鳊鲫轻微,结果表明：ＭｆＣａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性在考察蛋白质冷藏变性中是一个可靠而又实用的指标。     

鱼类早期发育阶段摄食行为研究现状

对鱼类早期阶段的摄食行为研究进行了综述。重点阐述了胃含物分析法、饥饿对摄食的影响、摄食器官的形态发育特征与摄食行为的关系、食物选择及其生理生态因子对摄食的作用。初步探讨了仔稚鱼饥饿后的捕食量和捕食速度的变化,并结合食物保障,分析了食物选择性指数I在鱼类摄食行为研究中的应用。     

A new optimal foraging model predicts habitat use by drift-feeding stream minnows

Abstract – There is substantial need for models that accurately predict habitat selection by fishes for purposes ranging from the elaboration of ecological theory to the preservation of biodiversity. We have developed a new and highly tractable optimal foraging model for drift‐feeding fishes that is based on the profitability of occupying varying focal‐point velocities in a stream. The basic model can be written as: I_x = (E_x * P_x) = {(D * A * V) * [1/(1 + e^{(b + cV)})]} ? S_x, where: (1) I_x is the net energy intake at velocity x; (2) E is prey encounter rate; (3) P is prey capture success rate which can be modelled as 1/(1 + e^{(b + cV)}) where b and c are fitting constants from the prey capture success curve; (4) D is the energy content of prey (J/m³) in the drift; (5) A is the visual reactive area of the fish; (6) V is velocity (cm/s); and (7) S is the cost of maintaining position (J/s). Given that D, A and S can be considered constant over the range of velocities occupied by these fishes, the model reduces to e^{(b + cV)} = 1/(cV ? 1) which we solved iteratively to yield an optimal focal‐point velocity for species in each sample. We tested the model by comparing its predictions to the mean focal‐point velocities (i.e. microhabitats) occupied by four species of drift‐feeding minnows in two sites in a stream in North Carolina, USA. The model successfully predicted focal‐point velocities occupied by these species (11 out of 14 cases) in three seasonal samples collected over 2 years at two sites. The unsuccessful predictions still were within 2 cm/s of the 95% confidence intervals of mean velocities occupied by fishes, whereas the overall mean deviation between optimal velocities and mean fish velocities was small (range = 0.9 and 3.3 cm/s for the warpaint shiner and the Tennessee shiner, respectively). Available focal‐point velocities ranged from 0–76 to 0–128 cm/s depending on site and season. Our findings represent one of the more rigorous field tests of an optimal foraging/habitat selection model for aquatic organisms because they encompass multiple species and years, and for one species, multiple sites. Because of the ease of parameterization of our model, it should be readily testable in a range of lotic habitats. If validated in other systems, the model should provide critical habitat information that will aid in the management of riverine systems and improve the performance of a variety of currently used management models (e.g. instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) and total maximum daily load calculations (TMDL)).     

长江中下游湖泊蚌类β多样性分解及其保护对策探讨

分析了赤水河流域鱼类多维度β多样性的纵向空间格局,以期为鱼类资源的保护和科学管理提供依据。基于2019和2020年赤水河流域40个样点的调查数据,研究了各个样点对鱼类物种、功能、分类和环境β多样性的贡献程度 (又称样点独特性),同时对各个指数间的互补和冗余程度进行了分析。结果显示,调查期间赤水河共采集到鱼类125 (亚)种,隶属于7目20科80属,其中土著鱼类112 (亚)种,外来鱼类13 (亚)种。鱼类物种β多样性的值为0.719,样点S1、S2、S22和S27的物种独特性显著不同于其他样点。鱼类功能β多样性的值为0.009,样点S10、S20、S21、S28和S36功能独特性与其他样点存在显著差异。鱼类分类β多样性的值为0.004,样点S20、S21、S28和S32的分类独特性显著高于其他样点。样点环境独特性的变异范围为0.010~0.058,最高的4个点为S22、S29、S33和S34样点。随着鱼类丰富度的增加,样点物种独特性呈现出先降低再增加的U型变化趋势。不同维度的样点独特性指数间互补程度较高,然而样点功能独特性和样点分类独特性比样点物种独特性解释了较多的多样性变异。研究表明,β多样性能够揭示淡水鱼类群落结构的时空变化格局及维持机制,鱼类多样性评估需要综合考虑不同维度的生物和非生物多样性。     

新疆土著鱼类的数值分类

本文采用鱼类的３４个可数量化性状，借助微机，利用主成分分析法对新疆５１种土著鱼类进行数值分类，其结果可将新疆土著鱼明显地划分为：条鳅属鱼类，臀鳞鱼亚科鱼类，雅罗鱼亚科鱼类３个主要的群体。     

中国鲤科鱼类分类专家系统的研究

采用ＴｕｒｂｏＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言,研究并设计出中国鲤科鱼类的分类专家系统,并完成了该系统中知识库的表达及推理机的设计工作。     

鱼类脲酶比活力研究

通过对鲤、团头鲂、鲫、草鱼、乌鳢、革胡子鲶、黄鳝、鲢和鳙9种食性不同的鱼的脲酶比活力进行比较，结果显示：食性与脲酶比活力存在一定的相关性。草食性与滤食性的草鱼和鲢、鳙脲酶比活力明显高于其他几种鱼，肉食性与杂食性鱼脲酶比活力明显要低。9种鱼脲酶主要分布在前肠和中肠，后肠脲酶比活力很低，与前、中肠相比存在显著差异。