Effects of environmental factors and burial depth on seed germination and emergence of two populations of Caucalis platycarpos

Caucalis platycarpos is a weed species in irrigated and dry land farming systems in East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah provinces of Iran. Experiments were undertaken to compare C. platycarpos seed germination and emergence of a population from each province over a range of environmental factors, burial depth and crop residue treatments. The Azerbaijan population required lower temperatures (20/10°C day/night temperature) for its highest (90%) germination, compared with the Kermanshah population (88% germination at 25/15°C day/night temperature). In both populations, germination was 84–90% over a wide range of light/dark periods (10–24 h light), but considerable reduction (up to 42%) occurred under continuous darkness. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of germination was ?0.54 and ?0.40 MPa for Azerbaijan and Kermanshah populations respectively. The NaCl concentration of 8.83 and 5.71 dS m^?1 caused 50% inhibition of germination in Azerbaijan and Kermanshah populations respectively. The X₅₀ parameter (the burial depth at which emergence is reduced by 50%) for Azerbaijan and Kermanshah population was 2.18 and 2.86 cm respectively. Crop residues had more inhibitory effects on the Azerbaijan than Kermanshah population. Adaptive differentiation of C. platycarpos populations has also resulted in smaller seeds of the Azerbaijan compared with the Kermanshah population and resulted in higher emergence for Kermanshah population seedlings from greater soil depths. These results suggest that differences in germination requirements, drought and salinity tolerance of C. platycarpos populations are correlated with environmental conditions of the habitats of the studied populations.     

胡萝卜小孢子胚状体和愈伤组织的诱导

选用胡萝卜7个常规品种、10个自交系、16个F1代杂交种和6个F2代材料研究基因型、植物生长调节剂、AgNO3以及低温预处理（4 ℃）对花药培养的影响。在参试的39份材料中有6份材料产生小孢子胚状体,其中50071号材料出胚率最高,达到3.89%,有30份材料产生小孢子愈伤组织,其中600Q6号材料出愈率达到36.70%。在B5培养基上添加2,4-D和NAA组合中,选用的4份参试材料均产生小孢子愈伤组织,其中50071和70Q67号材料产生胚状体,而添加6-BA和NAA组合中均未产生胚状体和愈伤组织。培养基中添加AgNO3对部分材料的出胚率有一定促进作用,50071和70Q67号材料在8 mg · L-1 AgNO3下出胚率分别达到10.00%和2.00%。低温预处理对部分材料的胚状体及小孢子愈伤组织形成有一定作用,50069号材料经4 ℃ 1 d预处理出胚率达1%,预处理2 d和3 d出愈率均达到11.25%,70Q67号材料在3 d预处理后出胚率达到4.00%。经细胞学鉴定,在121株由胚状体产生的再生植株中93.39%为二倍体,说明胡萝卜花药培养过程中易发生自然加倍。     

胡萝卜根结线虫病防治药剂筛选试验

田间药效试验结果表明,5亿活孢子/g淡紫拟青霉菌颗粒剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、20%丁硫克百威乳油、1%甲维盐微乳剂+80%攻线1号水剂和0.1亿cfu/g康地蕾得细粒剂5个不同药剂处理对胡萝卜根结线虫病防治效果分别为78.34%,77.16%,75.57%,73.53%,61.77%,其中,淡紫拟青霉菌颗粒剂防效最佳,推荐生产上使用该药剂防治胡萝卜根结线虫病。     

盐胁迫下胡萝卜肉质根中木质素响应机理研究

以'红福七寸'和'红芯七寸'胡萝卜为材料,测定了不同浓度NaCl处理下肉质根木质素含量以及根和叶中胁迫相关的生理指标,并利用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定了13个木质素合成相关基因在肉质根中的表达水平.结果显示:在不同浓度盐胁迫下,胡萝卜肉质根中木质素含量均显著高于对照(蒸馏水处理),且在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl...     

胡萝卜对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

试验通过在产奶牛日粮中添加胡萝卜,研究胡萝卜不同饲喂量对舍饲奶牛的奶产量和乳成分的影响。试验牛选用中国荷斯坦奶牛,体重500~600 kg,胎次为头胎、泌乳100 d左右的健康荷斯坦奶牛30头,采用完全随机区组设计,分为3个处理组,试验1组为对照组(基础日粮),试验2组(基础日粮+5 kg胡萝卜)、试验3组(基础日粮+7.5 kg胡萝卜)为试验组,基础日粮由全株青贮玉米、羊草和精料组成。研究结果显示,奶牛在添加胡萝卜后能够显著提高产奶量,90 d后试验2组的产奶量比对照组提高了11.94%(P<0.05),试验3组的产奶量比对照组提高了16.17%(P<0.05),牛奶的风味也得到很大的改善。     

果蔬-开菲尔藜麦发酵混合冻干食品的研制及抗氧化特性分析

为研究以开菲尔藜麦发酵乳、沙棘原浆、黄桃浓浆和胡萝卜浓浆为原料的混合冻干食品工艺配方及抗氧化特性,以感官评分和可溶性固形物含量作为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳工艺配方,冻干、体外胃肠消化模拟后研究其黄酮和多酚含量、DPPH、羟基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率及铁还原力的动态变化.结果表明:开菲尔藜麦发酵乳、沙棘原浆、黄桃浓浆和胡萝卜浓浆的最佳质量比为50:13:30:10,在此条件下,可溶性固形物含量为19.9％,感官评分为81.4分,综合得分为63.0分,经过消化后,其黄酮和多酚含量均有所增加,DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率及铁还原力均有显著增加(P<0.05).