Characterisation of genes isolated from a potato swellingstolon cDNA library

Summary In screening to isolate a full-length copy of a previously isolated cDNA clone, a further three cDNAs were also isolated from a library prepared from sub-apical swelling-stolon tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sequence analysis showed these clones to be similar to extensin-like protein genes, acyl carrier protein thioesterase genes and high mobility group protein genes, respectively. A further cDNA, isolated by subtractive hybridisation, was similar to a tomato cDNA previously isolated on the basis of its down-regulation following nematode infection. While all the newly isolated genes were expressed in swelling stolons, for most, maximal expression was seen to be in stem tissue. Possible roles for these genes in the development of potato plants are discussed, as is the significance of gene expression in stems and stolons to the process of tuberisation.     

Spray application factors and plant growth regulator performance: I. Bioassays and biological response

Bioassays were adapted to investigate effects of droplet size and carrier volume on performance of daminozide, gibberellic acid (GA₃) and 2,4-D using Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a model system. Response to plant growth regulators was indexed by inhibition (daminozide), promotion of internode elongation (GA₃) or ethylene production (2,4-D). Elongation of first plus second internodes above primary leaves was evaluated 14 days after treatment of primary leaves, while ethylene production was determined from head-space samples of incubated leaves 24 h after treatment. Daminozide inhibition of internode elongation was related to decreased cell size and number in pith and epidermis (range 49–70% of the untreated control). GA₃ increased cell size and number in both tissues 2·3- to 4·8-fold. Responsiveness to daminozide and 2,4-D markedly decreased as seedling age increased from 8 to 12 days, but responsiveness to GA₃ increased. Decreasing droplet size (10–0·5 μl) and increasing carrier volume (10–200 μl per leaf) at constant dose of daminozide (100 μg per leaf) and 2,4-D (100 μg per leaf) significantly increased performance, but had little effect on performance of GA₃ (2 μg per leaf). Effects of application factors on performance were related to their effects on the interface area between droplets and leaf surface. Significant positive linear relationships were obtained between plant response and the logarithm of the droplet/leaf interface area for all growth regulators. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

松材线虫Bx-Daf-22基因鉴定及表达

[目的]为探究松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)抗逆态幼虫DL3(Dauer larvae3)形成的分子机理,对其鸟苷酸环化酶路径(cyclic guanosine monophosphate,cGMP)中的抗逆态基因daf-22进行了鉴定和表达研究。[方法]根据松材线虫基因组数据设计引物克隆松材线虫Bx-Daf-22基因。进一步对Bx-Daf-22基因编码的蛋白进行系统发育分析、保守结构域分析等生物信息学分析。应用BLAST比对技术在松材线虫基因组数据中鉴定得到固醇载体蛋白SCP2同源基因,命名为Bx-Daf-22。应用PCR技术扩增Bx-Daf-22完整蛋白编码区,分析同源序列系统进化和三维结构。[结果]结果表明,Daf-22作为路径的起点是cGMP路径中一个受体蛋白,可将起始信号传递到cGMP路径的膜结合受体上,再通过胰岛素相似信号途径(insulin like signaling,Insulin/IGF)中的β-胰岛素(β-insulin,Daf-28)以及转化生长因子β路径(transforming growth factor β,TGFβ-like)中的热激蛋白90(HSP90/Daf-21)连接从而调控线虫进入抗逆态。[结论]通过结构比对及基因表达量分析表明Bx-Daf-22与秀丽线虫Daf-22具有相近的功能。Bx-Daf-22编码的蛋白质具有固醇载体蛋白SCP2构域。因此松材线虫的cGMP路径与DL3形成具有直接相关。     

小麦白粉菌ADP/ATP载体蛋白基因的克隆及表达特征分析

 小麦白粉病是小麦上的一种重要病害。研究小麦白粉菌致病相关基因及其在致病过程中的作用,对于丰富小麦白粉菌致病的分子机制和筛选防治新靶标具有重要意义。前期转录组测序结果提示一个小麦白粉菌ADP/ATP载体蛋白（ADP/ATP carrier protein,AACP）在小麦与白粉菌互作时上调表达。本研究利用cDNA末端快速克隆技术（rapid\|amplification of cDNA ends,RACE）获得了长945 bp具有完整开放阅读框的小麦白粉菌ADP/ATP carrier基因序列,暂命名为BgtAACPx（GenBank登录号为MF197857）该基因编码314个氨基酸残基,利用相关软件进行生物信息分析,结果表明该蛋白为疏水性,含有6个跨膜区,亚细胞定位在线粒体上。与已有小麦白粉菌AACP蛋白的同源性为97%,是一个新的蛋白,同时构建了与其同源蛋白的遗传进化树。定量结果表明该基因在小麦白粉菌吸器期（48 h）、次生菌丝（72 h）至白粉菌刚产孢子又未形成孢子堆（120 h）这段时期高表达,提示该基因可能参与小麦白粉菌对小麦的致病过程。     

铜绿假单胞菌菌剂载体的筛选

为将铜绿假单胞菌应用于重金属污染环境的生物修复,以硅藻土(1~3 mm)、硅藻土(3~6 mm)、活性炭和轻石为材料,通过测定不同材料的吸水率、菌体吸附与释放作用及制备菌剂的活菌数,筛选出适宜的菌剂载体.结果表明,在设定的载体浓度下(0~20 g·L-1),不同载体的菌体去除率随浓度提高而增大,Q值在4.90%~49.60%之间;载体负载量随浓度提高而减小,L值在923.33~82.83 mg·g-1之间;硅藻土、活性炭的Q值在30 min达到最大.硅藻土(1~3 mm)、硅藻土(3~6mm)、活性炭和轻石的吸水率依次为60.3%、43.3%、23.4%和33.1%;以上4种载体制备的菌剂(菌剂A、B、C和D)的活菌释放率依次为27.4%、28.8%、19.7%和37.1%.室温保存30 d后,菌剂A活菌数为6.25×108CFU·g-1,减少了78.4%,菌剂B活菌数为1.12×1010CFU·g-1,是初始值的5.38倍,菌剂C的活菌数为2.95×108CFU·g-1,减少了73.9%,菌剂D的活菌数为3.61×109CFU·g-1,增殖了127.0%.可见,载体浓度及吸附时间显著影响其对菌体的吸附作用,3~6 mm硅藻土的负载量适中,菌体存活率高,活菌释放率高,可作为铜绿假单胞菌的菌剂载体.     

氮氧化物选择性催化还原催化剂研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是研究最多、应用最广的烟气NO_x脱除技术,该技术的关键是催化剂的研发,其催化性能直接影响到脱硝效果的好坏。该研究介绍了SCR领域研究开发的以贵金属、金属氧化物、碳材料为载体的低温脱硝催化剂,并对碳纳米材料催化剂做了重点介绍,最后对今后的研究方向进行展望。     

真菌固态载体预处理对不灭菌玉米秸秆降解的影响

采用云芝变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor)、色精木霉菌(Trichoderma chromospermum)、深绿木霉菌(Trichoderma atroviride)和云芝变色栓菌分别与色精木霉菌、深绿木霉菌的混合菌对干黄玉米秸秆进行真菌预处理。结果显示,真菌预处理不灭菌秸秆30 d后,木质纤维素的降解率几乎可以忽略,在不灭菌的环境中,接入的真菌对秸秆本身附着的微生物群落不能形成竞争优势,造成较低的木质素降解率。而云芝变色栓菌、色精木霉菌、深绿木霉菌以及云芝变色栓菌分别与色精木霉菌、深绿木霉菌的混合菌对灭菌秸秆预处理30 d后,木质素的降解率分别为34.0%、38.1%、38.1%、39.1%及40.3%。为降低秸秆的灭菌成本,将真菌预处理30 d后的灭菌秸秆作为真菌固态载体与不灭菌秸秆按照1∶9、1∶4及1∶1的干质量比混合培养30 d,结果显示,采用云芝变色栓菌分别与色精木霉菌和深绿木霉菌的混合菌固态载体预处理不灭菌秸秆,木质素降解率可达到30%~40%。因而,真菌固态载体可以较好地适应非灭菌环境并对秸秆中的木质素进行有效降解,是一种有效降低过程成本的预处理手段。     

甘蓝枯萎病菌寄主范围研究

<正>甘蓝枯萎病于2001年最先在北京延庆发现~([1]),目前已扩散到山西、河北、甘肃及陕西等北方甘蓝生产基地,重病区发病率高达80%以上,对甘蓝生产造成了严重的威胁。国内外对甘蓝枯萎病寄主范围的研究仅限于十字花科作物~([2-4]),对该病原菌是否侵入其他类蔬菜及1、2号生理小种侵染十字花科寄主的差异尚未见报道。本文采用人工接种的方法,综合分析甘蓝枯萎病菌对主要大田蔬菜作物的侵染寄生能力,为制定合理的轮作防病     

Potential and actual uses of zeolites in crop protection

In this review, it is demonstrated that zeolites have a potential to be used as crop protection agents. Similarly to kaolin, zeolites can be applied as particle films against pests and diseases. Their honeycomb framework, together with their carbon dioxide sorption capacity and their heat stress reduction capacity, makes them suitable as a leaf coating product. Furthermore, their water sorption capacity and their smaller particle sizes make them effective against fungal diseases and insect pests. Finally, these properties also ensure that zeolites can act as carriers of different active substances, which makes it possible to use zeolites for slow‐release applications. Based on the literature, a general overview is provided of the different basic properties of zeolites as promising products in crop protection. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型钴配合物为中性载体的水杨酸根电极研究

研究了基于水杨醛缩邻氨基苯酚合钴(Ⅱ)金属配合物[Co(Ⅱ)-SAAP]为中性载体的PVC膜阴离子电极。该电极对水杨酸根(Sal-)具有优良的电位响应性能和选择性并呈现出反Hofm e ister选择性行为,其选择性次序为Sal->C lO4->SCN->I->NO2->NO3->B r->C l->SO32->SO42-。在pH为5.0的磷酸盐缓冲体系中,电极电位呈现近能斯特响应,线性响应范围为9.0×10-6~1.0×10-1mol/L,斜率为-54.3 mV/dec(20℃),检出下限为5.0×10-6mol/L。采用交流阻抗技术和紫外可见光谱技术研究了电极的响应机理,结果表明配合物中心金属原子的结构以及载体本身的结构与电极的响应行为之间有非常密切的构效关系。该电极具有响应快、重现性好、检出限低、制备简单等优点。将电极用于药品分析,其结果令人满意。