相同EAA模式下不同日粮蛋白水平对草鱼肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白周转代谢的影响

在日粮必需氨基酸模式相同条件下 ,研究不同日粮蛋白水平对草鱼肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白质周转代谢的影响。其中周转代谢参数包括 :蛋白质的合成速率 (FSR)、降解速率 (FDR)、生长速率 (FGR)、合成能力 (CS)、合成的翻译效率 (KRNA)和蛋白质沉积效率 (PRE)。试验结果表明 :1.日粮蛋白水平的增加促进了草鱼的生长 ,促进了肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白质的增长。饲料转化效率和肌肉蛋白质沉积效率在适宜蛋白水平时最高。2.肌肉FSR、FDR与日粮蛋白水平呈正相关关系 ;肝胰脏蛋白FSR不受日粮蛋白水平的影响 ,蛋白质FDR与日粮蛋白水平呈负相关关系。3.肌肉蛋白FGR的增加归因于蛋白质合成的增长较降解的增长更占优势 ,以及蛋白质合成的KRNA 的提高 ;肝胰脏蛋白FGR的增加归因于蛋白质降解的减少。4.肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白CS不受日粮蛋白水平的影响。5.肌肉PRE(生长占合成的比例 )在适宜蛋白质水平 (30 % )时最高 ,而且在该水平下饲料系数最低 ,即饲料转化率最高     

温度对鲤鱼窒息点的影响

试验对不同温度条件下(2～34℃)鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)成鱼(体长22～30 cm,体重600～880 g)和幼鱼(体长11.30～14.20 cm,体重58.30～118.90 g)的窒息点进行了研究。结果表明,温度对鲤鱼的窒息点有着显著的影响,在30℃时窒息点最高,成鱼为0.27 mg·L-1,幼鱼为0.29 mg·L-1;以30℃为界,鲤鱼成鱼及幼鱼的窒息点随着水温的升高和降低而降低,温度升高到34℃时,鲤鱼成鱼降低到0.22 mg.L-1,鲤鱼幼鱼降低到0.24 mg·L-1;温度降低到2℃时成鱼降到0.12 mg·L-1,幼鱼降到0.13 mg·L-1。并且,鲤鱼的窒息点随着体重的增加而下降。     

半饥饿对转基因鲤生长和性腺发育的影响

为研究转大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)生长激素基因鲤(转基因鲤)在不同食物含量条件下的生长竞争(主要是生长、生殖),设定正常投饲组和半饥饿试验组,每组饲养池大小相同、混养的转基因鲤和对照鲤初始总体质量相等。连续3个月定期采样后,从形态学和组织学研究转基因鲤和对照鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的生长状况、饲料占有情况和性腺发育状况。结果表明:正常投饲组的转基因鲤和对照鲤体质量相对增长率分别为127.9%和70.6%,而半饥饿试验组的转基因鲤、对照鲤的体质量相对增长率分别是72.3%和52.2%,表明无论在饱食还是在半饥饿情况下,转基因鲤均显示出快速生长的优势;2组试验鱼的性腺发育进程无明显差异(P>0.05),但在部分月份转基因鲤和对照雌、雄鲤的相对性腺质量差异显著(P<0.05),无论在饱食还是在半饥饿情况下,转基因鲤的性腺发育情况略好于对照鲤。     

Rapid detection and differentiation of carp oedema virus and cyprinid herpes virus‐3 in koi and common carp

Carp oedema virus (CEV) and koi herpes virus (KHV) are of major concern to common carp breeders and koi enthusiasts worldwide. The viruses cause diseases that exhibit similar external signs; thus, it is difficult to distinguish between them clinically. In this study, we developed and optimized rapid and accurate single‐ and multiplex isothermal diagnostic tools, based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), for detection and differentiation of CEV and KHV. The assays were combined with a lateral flow dipstick to enable visual detection of amplification products and simplify post‐amplification analysis. Both CEV‐ and KHV‐RPA assays were specific for their target virus. The lower detection limits of the assays were similar to those of established diagnostic PCR tests for the viruses. A sample preparation method was optimized to eliminate the need for total DNA extraction from fish tissues. The estimated time to perform these RPA assays, from receiving the sample to having a result, is 50 min, compared to 10 and 7 hr for CEV‐ and KHV‐PCR tests, respectively. The assays can be performed in field situations to improve screening of fish and reduce spread of these viruses and thereby enhance the common carp and koi industries.     

Accumulation of zinc from diet and its release in common carp

High zinc diet of 2000 mg kg^–1 was fed to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) for 8 weeks to compare the accumulation of Zn in fish. It was found that accumulation of zinc from diet by grass carp and tilapia was low when compared to common carp. The largest difference occurred in digestive tract tissue. The digestive tract tissue of common carp had a large pool of stored zinc, the mean storable capacity is about 1500 g Zn g^–1 fresh tissue, and the time needed to saturate the tissue when feeding 2000 mg Zn kg^–1 diet is about 8 weeks. The accumulated Zn in the digestive tract tissue of common carp was released when the dietary Zn was reduced to normal level (50 mg kg^–1) or deficient level (4 mg kg^–1) for 4 weeks.Subcellular fractionation results indicate that Zn accumulated in digestive tract tissue of common carp was accumulated mainly in the nuclei/cell debris fraction. Exposure to a high Zn diet induced some metallothionein-like substance in the digestive tract tissue and the hepatopancreas of common carp, but the amount was very low when compared with the amount of Zn accumulated in the nuclei/cell debris fraction.     

应用RAPD技术分析三种红鲤遗传多样性

利用40个随机引物对产于江西省的荷包鲤，玻璃红鲤和兴国红鲤及野鲤（俗称“江西三红”）进行了RAPD检测及聚类分析。结果表明，25个引物的扩增效果良好，引物S225，S221对4种鲤鱼扩增出的指纹图谱差异显著，存在5个明显的特异性条带，可作为分子标记，三个品种内，以荷包红鲤的遗传距离最小（0.809)；对于品种间，则是玻璃红鲤与兴国经鲤较为相似（0．745）；“江西三红”之间的遗传差异较小，根据聚类分析可右兴国红鲤与玻璃红鲤之间的亲缘关系最近，荷包红鲤次之。     

草鱼卵子和三角鲂精子杂交的受精细胞学研究

本实验观察了两种不同亚科鱼——草鱼()和三角鲂()杂交的受精细胞学过程,证实异源的三角鲂精子能够进入到草鱼卵子中,诱导星光并形成雄性原核。卵子在精子的作用下,继续完成了第二次减数分裂、排出第二极体,最后雌雄原核相互接触而融合。全部过程有正常的受精细胞学程序和卵裂方式,由此产生的后代兼具父、母本双方的遗传性状。     

Environmental effects of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) and mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) as bottom feeders in major Indian carp polycultures

A polyculture experiment with the large carp rohu, catla and either mrigal or common carp (as cash crop fish), and the small indigenous fish punti (as food for the farmer's family) was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The main objectives were to compare polycultures of large carp in which the bottom feeder is either the native mrigal or the exotic common carp, and to assess the effects of adding the small indigenous species punti to those polycultures. The results of fish–fish interactions and overall fish production have already been reported. The present paper presents the effects on the water quality, and discusses fish–environment interactions. The main conclusions are: time changes in the pond environment were stronger than fish composition effects. The main practice affecting water quality was liming, that incresed alkalinity, pH and water transparency and decreased ammonia. Rain affected photosynthesis and the match‐mismatch of the two steps of nitrification. The more that bottom feeding fish species disrupt the mud bottom, the stronger their effects on pond environment. Common carp produce the strongest disruption of the mud bottom, followed by punti and then by mrigal. Mud disruption produced by common carp leads to a stronger liming effect, nutrient release into the water, and provides more particles that rain‐floods wash out, facilitating the mismatch of the two steps of nitrification, and increased phosphorus adsorption into the mud bottom. Mud disruption by punti is only enough to improve the liming effect. Mud disruption by mrigal is the least, hence less particles are resuspended, nitrification is not affected during floods and relatively more phosphate remains in the water available for photosynthesis. The bottom feeder common carp can be seen not only as a target‐cultured fish but also as a management tool. Farmers can get double benefit in introducing common carp in the ponds as it enhances the effectiveness of lime application and increases the availability of nutrients to phytoplankton. Through the manipulation of species in the polyculture alone, farmers can maintain the environment better and also reduce input costs.     

915 MHz和2 450 MHz频率下温度和大豆分离蛋白对鲢鱼糜复合素材介电特性的影响

以鲢擂溃鱼浆及其添加不同比例的大豆分离蛋白乳化物的复合素材为对象,在10~80 ℃范围内,采用同轴探针方法分别测定了915 MHz和2 450 MHz频率下的介电常数和介电损失率。结果表明,鲢擂溃鱼浆及其复合素材的介电常数随温度的升高而减小,介电损失率随温度的升高而增大;温度一定时,介电常数和介电损失率均随频率的增加而减小;添加大豆分离蛋白乳化物添加量在6.5%~28%范围内时,介电常数和介电损失率随添加量的增加而增大。鲢擂溃鱼浆及其复合素材的穿透深度随温度的升高而减小,随大豆分离蛋白乳化物的添加量增加而减小。频率、温度和大豆分离蛋白乳化物对鲢擂溃鱼浆的介电特性和穿透深度有较大影响。利用SPSS软件进行回归分析得到预测方程,对介电常数、介电损失率和穿透深度能够进行有效预测。     

饲料糖种类和水平对异育银鲫肝糖原代谢的影响

用分别含25％葡萄糖、25％淀粉及不同水平糊精（5％，25％，50％）的5种饲料喂养异育银鲫（方正银鲫♀X兴国红鲤♂）6周，然后禁食1、2、4周，以摄食后血糖和肝糖原的变化规律及禁食反应来研究肝糖原代谢。实验钍体重约15g。结果表明，摄食后25％葡萄糖组血糖升高速度最快，升幅最大，5％糊精组血糖最低。各组鱼的肝糖原含量在摄食后4h左右达到最大值，但葡萄糖组在摄食后肝糖原含量反而下降。饲养6周后25％葡萄糖组和5％糊精组基础肝糖原含量显著低于其他各组。禁食时25％葡萄糖组和5％糊精组的甘油三酯含量比其他各组低，而总氨基酸水平比其他各组高。上述结果提示在摄食条件下肝糖原的代谢与饲料糖的种类和水平有关，而禁食反应与体内能量物质的储量有关。