西部高校本科双语教学实践的调查与分析——以农业经济管理专业为例

以农业经济管理专业为例,分析了西部高校本科阶段实施双语教学的必要性,调查了大学生对双语教学的认知情况,以及影响双语教学效果的因素、对双语教学过程的要求等问题,据此提出推进西部高校本科双语教学的对策。     

中国水稻害虫治理对策的演变及其展望

本文简要回顾了中国水稻害虫的变迁、相应的对策演变,从中了解、总结害虫发生与人类治虫对策之间的因果渊源,指出只有师法自然、通过生态工程实施生态治理技术才能持续双赢。     

近20年新疆农田生态系统碳足迹时空变化

利用1994—2013年新疆农田生产投入和农作物产量等数据,采用碳排放系数法估算了新疆农田生态系统的碳排放量、碳吸收量及碳足迹的变化动态以及在各县市的空间分布特征。结果表明:新疆农田生态系统的碳排量从1994年的179.46万t增长到2013年的474.15万t;不同年份农业碳排放均主要源于化肥使用量的增加和不科学的灌溉方式,其最大贡献率分别为40.02%和41.56%;农田生态系统的碳吸收量20年间增加了2185.04万t,棉花对新疆农田生态系统的碳吸收量贡献最大,多年平均贡献率达47%;新疆农田生态系统的碳排放量、碳吸收量区域主要集中在南疆的县市并呈现出沿天山对称的趋势;1994—2013年,农田生态系统碳足迹呈现快速增长态势,从1994年的2 732.63×104C·hm-2·a-1增加至2013年的4 474.89×104C·hm-2·a-1,碳足迹增加了283.59×104C·hm-2·a-1,表明新疆农田生态系统存在碳生态盈余的现象,种植结构生态效益指数大于1的年份为11个,种植结构的调整迫在眉睫。     

基于DNDC模型模拟的冬小麦田土壤有机碳和作物产量对地表覆盖的响应

依托前期长期定位试验,基于DNDC过程模型,对秸秆和地膜覆盖条件下冬小麦田土壤有机碳和小麦产量的长期变化规律进行了模拟研究.结果表明,DNDC模拟的有机碳含量和冬小麦产量变化与田间观测结果较一致,能较理想地模拟两种覆盖措施对土壤有机碳和作物产量的长期影响.模拟结果显示,在50 a时间尺度上,不覆盖与地膜覆盖处理下0～5...     

小菜蛾对苯甲酰基脲类杀虫剂的抗性现状及治理对策

本文概述了小菜蛾对苯甲酰基脲类杀虫剂的抗性现状,并根据其抗性特点提出５点治理对策。     

东莞森林公园建设与管理对策思考——以大岭山森林公园为例

文章根据东莞森林公园建设的背景,从东莞发展森林公园建设的特殊条件（经济发展和城市建设特点）出发,分析存在的主要问题,提出东莞森林公园建设和管理的对策。     

Effects of mutations in Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits on sensitivity to insecticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Several strains of Drosophila melanogaster possess mutant alleles in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, Dα1 and Dβ2 that confer resistance to neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and nitenpyram, and Dα6, that confers resistance to spinosyns. These mutant strains were bioassayed with a selected set of nAChR active insecticides including neonicotinoids, spinosad, and sulfoxaflor, a new sulfoximine insecticide. All of the neonicotinoids examined, except dinotefuran showed reduced insecticidal efficacy on larvae of the Dα1 mutant, suggesting that this subunit may be important in the action of these insecticides. All of the neonicotinoids, including dinotefuran, showed reduced insecticidal efficacy on larvae possessing the Dβ2 mutation. A similar pattern of broad neonicotinoid resistance to that of Dβ2 alone was also observed for larvae with both the mutations (Dα1 + Dβ2). The Dβ2 mutation exhibited a lower level of cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor (<3-fold) than to any of the neonicotinoids (>13-fold). In contrast, there was no cross-resistance for any of the neonicotinoids or sulfoxaflor in adult flies with the Dα6 mutation, which confers high levels of resistance to spinosad. Thus in the D. melanogaster strains studied, target site resistance observed for the neonicotinoids and the spinosyns does not translate directly to resistance towards sulfoxaflor.     

Problems of implementing compulsory integrated pest management

Compulsory integrated pest management poses a number of challenges and issues for debate. Some of are discussed with reference to European Union requirements set out in Annex III of Directive 128/2009. Requirements on the use of plant protection products bring with them problems with dose reduction in the light of a resistance prevention strategy, the lack of threshold levels, the necessity of chemical treatments and the limited availability of effective products of biological origin. Use of preventive measures of pest control faces barriers related to profitability and a lack of knowledge on the part of farmers. Challenges to control the system, as well as the fact that some legally enforced rules are not suitable for all crops, seem also to be an issue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

增施氮肥和地面管理对酸樱桃园土壤营养状况的影响

在一个连续进行了 ８年Ｎ肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 Ｎ６０ ｋｇ· ｈｍ~(－２)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明：在肥沃土壤里ＮＨ_４~＋是速效Ｎ的主要存在形式,而ＮＯ_３~－的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 ＮＨ_４~－,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 ＮＯ_３~－。施肥增加土壤速效 Ｎ的含量。土壤 ＮＯ_３~－的季节性变化表明 ５至 ６月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－的含量高,而花前和 ７月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－含量低。 Ｐ、Ｋ在清耕带 １０ ｃｍ以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 ０～ １０ｃｍ土层中Ｋ的含量高于生草地。Ｐ的含量不受影响。施Ｎ减少了土壤Ｐ、Ｋ的含量。土壤中Ｍｇ的含量分布均匀,不受施Ｎ和地面管理制度的影响。