重组鸡白细胞介素2的诱导表达与生物学活性测定

 将去除信号肽的鸡IL-2基因编码框克隆到原核表达载体pBAD/His B，实现了重组鸡IL-2(rchIL-2)蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达。SDS-PAGE分析显示，表达蛋白的分子量约为18 kD。用rchIL-2为抗原制备了单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体，建立了检测rchIL-2含量的抗原捕获ELISA，探讨了天然chIL-2蛋白的体外表达动力学。非变性条件下纯化的rchIL-2 (0.4 ng) 对Con A活化的鸡T淋巴细胞具有明显的增殖活性，而对鸭及鹅的T淋巴细胞无增殖活性。抗chIL-2多克隆抗体可完全中和rchIL-2和天然chIL-2蛋白的生物学活性，而单克隆抗体无中和rchIL-2和天然chIL-2蛋白生物学活性的功能。这些研究结果证实，大肠杆菌表达的rchIL-2及其多克隆抗体拥有生物学功能，而获得的单克隆抗体不具有chIL-2的中和特性。     

IPv6网络流量的分布式采集与分析

IPv6网络的分布式流量采集与分析系统把流量的实时监控和数据库技术相结合,为网络管理者提供有效的决策支持.系统主要功能定位于IPv6网络的流量采集、实时分析和流量分析,其工作环境是高速局域网,链路层的物理媒介是双绞线或光纤链路.系统包含采集分析子系统、流量分析子系统和网络管理子系统.本文提出了基于数据库技术的IPv6网...     

江淮地区稻–麦周年产量差及其与资源利用关系

江淮地区是我国水稻和小麦重要的生产基地,明确该地区不同产量水平之间的差异特征及形成机制,探索区域粮食生产的限制因子,可为缩减江淮地区周年产量差的技术途径提供科学依据和参考。本研究以稻–麦周年生产体系为研究对象,定量分析不同产量水平田块之间的产量差与气候影响因素。结果表明,江淮地区水稻、小麦及周年农户水平与试验水平和高产纪录间存在显著的产量差,分别为3315.9、1537.5、4645.6 kg hm–2和7498.6、3977.9、9840.9 kg hm^–2。水稻、小麦及周年农户水平较试验水平还有46.2%、29.7%和37.3%的增产潜力,较高产纪录还有104.5%、77.0%和79.0%的增产潜力。每穗粒数是造成水稻产量差的主要因子,穗数和每穗粒数是造成小麦产量差的主要因子。与农户水平相比,水稻试验水平和高产纪录的穗粒数分别增加30.4%和116.1%;小麦试验水平和高产纪录的穗数和每穗粒数平均分别增加40.9%、70.0%和21.8%、19.6%。缩小产量差水稻主要依赖于增加每穗粒数,小麦靠穗数和每穗粒数的协同提高。生育期累积辐射和积温较低是导致水稻产量差异的主要气候因素,而生育期降雨过多是导致小麦产量差异的主要气候因素。根据研究提出了“强稻稳麦”是提升江淮地区周年粮食生产的有效途径。     

气相色谱法测定城市污泥中多氯联苯与有机氯农药

建立了以丙酮和石油醚超生提取,用硫酸尧高纯铜粉和硅胶柱净化的可同时检测长江三角洲地区城市 污泥中有机氯污染物的气相色谱法。与传统方法相比,在保证足够准确度尧精确度和灵敏度的前提下,该方法具有前 处理简单尧测定成本低尧样品用量少的特点,且可同时测定城市污泥中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯类（PCBs）化合 物。应用该方法对我国长江三角洲地区城市污泥中PCBs 和OCPs 进行测试,结果表明,方法最低检出限为0.09~ 0.33 滋g/kg,达到了微量分析要求。加标回收试验中,PCBs 回收率为59.50%~101.51%,OCPs 回收率为57.21%~ 89.62%,相对标准偏差为1.89%~14.67%。     

Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor: the management and conservation of two of the largest fish species in the Mekong River in southern Laos

• 1. Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor are two of the largest carps in the Mekong River Basin, each reaching a maximum weight of about 70 kg. P. jullieni is listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species, and both are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the first as ‘endangered’ and the second as ‘data deficient’.
• 2. Six years of quantitative monitoring of a large‐meshed gill net fishery for Probarbus just below the Khone Falls in Khong district, Champasak province, in southern Laos shows that 78% of the overall catch is comprised of Probarbus, with P. jullieni making up 65% of landings.
• 3. Over the 6‐year period catches of Probarbus declined significantly. However, catch‐per‐unit effort statistics do not indicate that the fishery is in decline, although fishers are convinced that real stock reductions are a large part of the reason for catch declines and decreases in fishing effort.
• 4. A number of ecological and social factors are affecting the number and quality of gill nets in use, the length of fishing seasons, and gill net efficiency, making it difficult to compare catch‐per‐unit effort between years.
• 5. There has been a shift from using large‐meshed gill nets for catching Probarbus to targeting smaller species using gill nets with smaller mesh‐sizes. This is an example of the ‘fishing down’ of a Mekong fish community, in which large long‐lived species are the first to be affected by heavy fishing pressure.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mucin biosynthesis in the bovine goblet cell induced by Cooperia oncophora infection

Mucin hypersecretion is considered to be one of the most common components of the immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. However, investigations have not been conducted in the Cattle–Cooperia oncophora system to verify the findings largely derived from murine models. In this study, we examined the expression of seven mucins and seven enzymes in the mucin biosynthesis pathway involved in O-linked glycosylation in the bovine small intestine including goblet cells enriched using laser capture microdissection during a primary C. oncophora infection. At the mRNA level, MUC2 expression was significantly higher in both lamina propria and goblet cells at 28 days post-infection compared to the naïve control. MUC5B expression at the mRNA level was also higher in lamina propria at 28 dpi. Expression of MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was extremely low or not detectable in goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells, and lamina propria from both naïve control and infected animals. Among the seven enzymes involved in post-translational O-linked glycosylation of mucins, GCNT3, which may represent one of the key rate-limiting steps in mucin biosynthesis, was up-regulated in goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells, lamina propria, and gross small intestine tissue during the course of infection. Western blot analysis revealed that MUC2 glycoprotein was strongly induced by infection in both gross small intestine tissue and its mucosal layer. In contrast, the higher MUC5B protein expression was observed only in the mucosal layer. Immunohistochemistry provided further evidence of the mucin glycoprotein production and localization. Our results provided insight into regulation of mucin biosynthesis in various cell types in the bovine small intestine during gastrointestinal nematode infection and will facilitate our understanding of mucins and their role in immune response against parasitic nematodes.     

封存CO_2泄漏量对三叶草生长的影响

随着碳捕集与封存技术在中国的逐步发展,封存CO2泄漏对农田生态系统的潜在威胁日益引起关注,而目前对CO2泄漏时作物的适应能力认识仍不足。选择分布广、耐酸性强的三叶草作为研究对象,设对照(不通CO2)和采用栽培箱底部通入500、1 000、1 500和2 000 g/(m2·d)CO2 5个处理,系统评估三叶草对封存CO2泄露的响应。结果发现:在500 g/(m2·d)的CO2泄露情景下,三叶草的生物量、根系活力、营养成分等主要生理指标略有增加或保持稳定,表现出较好的适应能力。随着CO2泄漏量增加到1000 g/(m2·d)以上,三叶草的生物量、根系活力下降,逐步表现出受环境胁迫的特征。在CO2通量处理下土壤pH值在6.80~7.04之间,高于三叶草适宜生长的pH值下限。研究表明,三叶草对封存CO2泄露具有较好的适应能力,为封存CO2泄露应对技术研究提供参考。     

猕猴桃园区坡度和晴雨天对猕猴桃溃疡病传播的影响

猕猴桃溃疡病是由丁香假单胞菌猕猴桃致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae,Psa)引起的细菌性病害,严重影响猕猴桃产业发展。明确猕猴桃溃疡病在田间的传播对其防治具有重要意义。本研究于2020年4月16-22日和2021年3月24-30日,在湖北省赤壁市调查了半岛南猕猴桃种植园区内猕猴桃溃疡病的发病情况,通过孢子捕捉器在猕猴桃园区的不同地势(坡度为10°、30°和45°的区域)和不同天气环境下进行24 h连续病原捕集,并据猕猴桃叶片上溃疡病显症所需时长反映不同地势和天气环境对病害传播的影响。结果表明,在坡度10°区域进行病原捕集的猕猴桃叶片显症所需时间比坡度30°和45°区域晚1~2 d。雨天在孢子捕捉器内的叶片上显症所需时长仅需7 d,而晴天显症时长则需10~12 d。明确了露地栽培猕猴桃园区坡度和雨天显著促进了猕猴桃溃疡病的传播。对猕猴桃溃疡病防治技术制订和实施有一定意义。     

Annotated checklist and fisheries interactions of cetaceans in Togo,with evidence of Antarctic minke whale in the Gulf of Guinea

Based on strandings and captures, 9 cetacean species, including 6 odontocetes and 3 mysticetes, are documented (photos and specimens) in Togo's coastal waters (newly‐recorded species marked with an asterisk): Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis*), Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera brydei or B. edeni), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps*), short‐finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus*), pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata*), common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and common dolphin Delphinus sp. An anecdotal sighting record for killer whale (Orcinus orca) is considered reliable. The lack of Sousa teuszii records in Togo is consistent with its apparent contemporaneous absence in Ghana. The B. bonaerensis specimen, entangled in a purse seine set on small pelagics, is a first record for the Gulf of Guinea. The occurrence of this Southern Ocean species north of the equator underscores the severe gaps in our understanding of cetacean distribution off western Africa. The majority of artisanal fishermen operating in Togolese coastal waters are of Ghanaian origin and are thought to promote trade and consumption of cetacean bushmeat. Because captures are illegal, enforced with some success in the main fishing centers, covert landings of cetaceans are exceedingly difficult to monitor, quantify or sample. Concern is expressed about pollution of Togo's coastal waters with heavy metals due to phosphorite mining and export from the coastal basin near Hahotoé and Kpogamé.     

网络监测系统的设计与实施

基于目前网络中心管理的需要，设计了一种被动监测子网络到网络中央通信状况的监测系统；该系统充分利用局域网内截获数据和主动探测的原理，并结合了多线程的思想。