安徽岳西头陀镇毛竹林生产力 与土壤养分特征比较

为了解土壤养分与毛竹生长的相关性,对安徽头陀镇的垦复毛竹纯林、未垦复毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林 进行调查研究。结果表明院不同毛竹林生长及其生产力差异明显,平均胸径10.02耀12.35 cm,立竹度0.28耀0.49,该区 的生产力属中等偏低,总生物量大小依次为院垦复毛竹纯林（96.50 t/hm2）>竹阔混交林（81.39 t/hm2）>未垦复毛竹纯林 （78.17 t/hm2）。垦复毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林的各组分生物量大小依次为院竹杆>竹鞭>竹根>竹叶>竹枝;而未垦复毛竹 纯林为院竹杆>竹枝>竹鞭>竹根>竹叶。不同林分下,各样地土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随土层深度的 加深而降低,同一土层中养分含量差异显著。相关分析显示,不同毛竹林总生物量与土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷存在 不同程度的正相关;平均胸径与0耀20 cm 土层有机质和速效磷呈显著正相关;立竹度仅与0耀20 cm 土层有机质呈正 相关。说明土壤有机质含量是影响毛竹生产力的关键因素。     

花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度的影响

【目的】探索花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度的直接和间接影响,为分析不同基因型花生冠层温度差异机理提供参考。【方法】自花生结荚期到收获,应用红外测温仪对12个北方大花生品种的冠层温度进行了连续观测,并测定了花生主茎功能叶片(主茎顶3叶)的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量,收获时调查了分枝数、侧枝长和主茎高等农艺性状,对各生理和农艺性状与冠层温度的关系进行相关分析和通径分析。【结果】12个大花生品种的冠层温度有分异,其中,豫花153的冠层温度最低,开农41的最高。花生生理和农艺性状对冠层温度均有强烈影响。生理指标中影响最大的是叶绿素含量,其次是SOD活性、NR活性和可溶性蛋白含量,而CAT活性、MDA含量和可溶性糖含量的影响较小;农艺性状中以主茎高的影响最大,侧枝长和分枝数次之。【结论】花生冠层温度与生理和农艺性状密切相关,生理活性强,植株高、分枝数多,利于冠层温度降低。     

基于超声波的果树冠层三维重构与体积测量

为了克服地面不平整和拖拉机非线性行驶对果树冠层参数测量的影响,该文在超声波传感器阵列测量果树冠层体积技术的基础上,使用RTK-DGPS空间定位技术和姿态航向参考系统,通过空间坐标的平移和旋转转换,直接获得以大地坐标表示的果树冠层的三维点阵云图数据,通过PC机后台处理重构果树冠层三维轮廓和计算果树冠层体积,并详细介绍了系统的结构与工作原理。以果园荔枝树为试验对象,采用该系统对15棵不同高度和体积的果树进行了3次重复试验,另对56棵树的测量结果与人工测量结果进行了对比分析,试验结果表明该方法具有较好的重复性（     

树型喷洒靶标外形轮廓探测方法

为了在线探测靶标外形并为变量喷药提供基础支持,研究了树型喷洒靶标外形轮廓探测方法。该文基于超声传感器搭建了靶标外形轮廓探测试验平台,该平台能够驱动步进电机精确匀速运动,以0.02 m为步长密集测量树冠形状,将获得的数据传给计算机实时显示,并能够在Access数据库中长期存储。使用该测试平台针对自制规则树树冠和花期樱桃树树冠分别进行了试验。试验结果显示规则树冠和樱桃树冠体积探测精度分别为92.8%和90.0%,表明该方法具有较高探测精度。     

沈阳市3种行道树冠层孔隙度研究

为了深入研究树木的冠层特性,从冠层孔隙度方面入手,利用半球摄影法获取沈阳市常用行道树银杏、国槐、银中杨的冠层孔隙度图像,通过Gap Light AnalyzerV2.0计算出冠层孔隙度,并同步测绘树木的胸径、树高、冠幅;对3种乔木的孔隙度和生长参数分别进行单因素方差分析、回归分析。结果表明:1）3种乔木的孔隙度具有显著差异,Q_银中杨＜Q_国槐＜Q_银杏（Q为冠层孔隙度）;2）冠幅和胸径分别与冠层孔隙度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,高度与冠层孔隙度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,相关系数表明孔隙度受冠幅的影响大于受胸径的影响;3）对与冠层孔隙度相关系数较高的冠幅和胸径构建多元线性回归模型,分别为Q_国槐=44.808-2.218×W_国槐-50.545×D_国槐;Q_银杏= 45.637-2.613×W_银杏-43.156×D_银杏;Q_银中杨=33.084-3.834×W_银中杨+41.105×D_银中杨。本研究提供了冠层孔隙度与生长参数的关系,可为林下光环境、反演叶面积指数以及树木数字模拟提供有效参数和数据基础。     

Infrared Thermal Imaging as a Rapid Tool for Identifying Water‐Stress Tolerant Maize Genotypes of Different Phenology

The main task of this research was to evaluate canopy temperature and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) by assessing genotype variability of maize performance for different water regimes. To that end, three hundred tropical and subtropical maize hybrids with different phenology in terms of date of anthesis were evaluated. The influence of phenology on the change in canopy temperatures and CWSI was not equal during the three dates of measurement. At the end of vegetative growth (82 days after sowing, DAS) and at the blister stage (DAS 97), a high significant difference in temperatures and CWSI (P < 0.001) were obtained between the early‐ and late‐maturity genotypes. During anthesis (DAS 89), phenology had a significant effect (P < 0.01) only for the well‐watered genotypes, while under water‐stress conditions, no differences were found between early and late genotypes in terms of canopy temperature and CWSI. High significant differences (P < 0.001) in stomatal conductance (g_s) between early and late genotypes for different treatments were observed. A relationship (R² = 0.62) between g_s and canopy temperature was obtained. Under a water‐stress canopy, temperature was measured at anthesis, which was negatively correlated with grain yield of the early (r = ?0.55)‐ and late (r = ?0.46)‐maturity genotypes in the water‐stressed condition.     

从模糊语言学角度分析英语委婉语的构造方式及语用交际功能

英语委婉语是英语语言的重要组成部分。模糊性是委婉语的基础，是实现其交际功能的手段。从模糊语言学的角度分析了英语委婉语的语音、语义两种构造方式，并总结了其五大语用交际功能：避讳功能、润滑功能、劝诱功能、礼貌功能及掩饰功能，以便为读者了解、掌握并正确运用委婉语提供帮助，为培养更具策略性、感染力和认同感的交际语言提供参考。     

Effect of Water Status on Leaf Angle and Leaf Movement in Wheat

Water stress was imposed by watering withholding or application of PEG during the period following ligule emergence of Hag leaves or fifth leaves. Treatment reduced markedly the downward rotation of these youngest fully expanded leaves, and the angle finally reached. Leaf angle changes appear to be sensitive indicators of water shortage in wheat.     

Analyses of Interlayer Stresses and Strain Transfer in Smart Laminated Structures

A new model is proposed to analyze the strain/stress transfer relation between host materials and piezoceramic sensors/actuators under bending and axial stress loading. The finite thickness of the adhesive is taken into account. The physical layers of the piezoceramic, adhesive and structure material are further subdivided into thinner layers as fine as necessary in order to improve the accuracy of stress analysis. In each thin layer the in-plane stresses are assumed to vary linearly across the thickness. By satisfying equilibrium equations, constitutive equations and displacement-strain relations, all components of stress, strain and displacement can be expressed as functions of the in-plane forces and the moments of the thin layers. The differential equations governing the in-plane forces and the moments are obtained. Then, this analytical model is used to predict strain transfer from the structure material to the sensor. It is found, both experimentally and theoretically, that the axial strain of the host material is considerably larger than the strain of the sensor, which is directly related to the output voltage. By introducing the so-called strain transfer factor, a relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the strain of the measured material is derived. The model is used to predict interlayer stress distributions and strain transfer, which are induced by actuator strain. The result was compared with existing experiments and FEM. There is stress concentration between the actuator and adhesive around the edge of the smart structures, which may cause debonding under high stress loading.     

水稻冠层垂直反射率模拟

利用1999年和2000年实测的晚稻冠层结构参数(叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶长、叶宽等)和叶片生物化学组分含量(叶绿素、蛋白质、纤维素、水等)实测数据,结合椭圆分布函数模型、PROSPECT模型和FCR模型,模拟水稻冠层垂直反射率,模拟值与实测值的相关系数大于0.98,均方根差RMSE小于0.05,从而建立了冠层结构参数、叶片生物化学组成等农