Bacterial Populations of Broiler Carcasses Washed in Mixtures of Potassium Hydroxide and Lauric Acid

The bactericidal effect of mixtures of KOH and lauric acid (LA) on the microflora of broiler carcasses was examined. Carcasses were washed by shaking in KOH-LA for 1 min on a mechanical shaker. In one set of experiments, the population of bacteria recovered from carcasses following each of 3 successive washes in 1.0% KOH-2.0% LA or in distilled water (control) was enumerated. The number of total plate count bacteria, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli in aliquots of whole-carcass-rinses of the washed carcasses was determined. Results indicated that fewer bacteria were generally recovered from carcasses after each successive wash in KOH-LA or distilled water, but significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from carcasses washed in KOH-LA than from carcasses washed in distilled water. Bacteria recovered from carcasses after the first and third wash in KOH-LA were identified using the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified in the bacterial flora of carcasses washed once in KOH-LA; however, only gram-positive cocci were identified in the bacterial flora of carcasses washed 3 times in KOH-LA. Additional experiments were performed to compare the number of bacteria recovered from carcasses washed 2 times in 0.25% KOH-0.5% LA, 0.5% KOH-1.0% LA, or 1.0% KOH-2.0% LA or in distilled water (control). Results indicated that significantly fewer bacteria were recovered from carcasses washed in higher concentrations of KOH-LA than from carcasses washed in lower concentrations of KOH-LA. Findings from these experiments show that washing carcasses in KOH-LA can reduce carcass contamination by bacteria responsible for human foodborne diseases and spoilage of fresh poultry.     

犬膀胱结石的化学成分分析研究

应用化学定性分析、X 射线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜观察与X 射线能谱分析等方法 ,对 3例取自临床病例的犬膀胱结石样品进行了化学成分分析。结果表明 ,3例结石的化学成分分别为磷酸钙、磷酸铵镁和混合性结石。对 3种结石晶体的生成机理进行了讨论 ,分析了犬膀胱结石的发病原因。     

日粮钙、锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验用 175日龄伊莎褐商品代产蛋母鸡 ,在玉米 -豆粕型基础日粮 (含锰 15 m g/ kg、钙 3.5 % )中 ,以一水硫酸锰形式分别添加锰 0、30、90、180 mg/ kg以及以贝壳粉形式添加钙到 4.5 % ,试验期 70 d,观察了日粮钙、锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明 ,日粮中锰水平影响产蛋率、产蛋量、破蛋率、饲料效率、蛋壳强度、厚度及蛋壳的化学成分 (P <0 .0 1或 P <0 .0 5 ) ,锰添加量达到 90 m g/ kg时 ,钙水平对生产性能及蛋品质无影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。在基础日粮中添加 90 mg/ kg锰即可保证蛋鸡良好的生产性能及蛋品质     

紫外线缺乏时肉用仔鸡维生素D3的需要量

将400只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分成8组，第I组接受紫外线光照，饲喂不添加维生素D3(WD3)的基础日粮；第Ⅱ—Ⅷ组不接受紫外线光照，分别饲喂添加0、50、100、200、400、800和1600国际雏鸡单位(ICU)／kg VD3的基础日粮。结果表明：与接受紫外线光照的鸡相比，缺乏紫外线光照的鸡(第Ⅱ组)具有较低的28日龄体重(P＜0．05)，较高的料重比(P＜0．05)；骨灰分、血钙和血浆磷含量也显著低于前者(P＜0．05)。在日粮中添加200 ICU／kg VD3可以基本满足肉用仔鸡缺乏紫外线照射时增重的要求；但对于骨灰分和血浆钙、磷含量而言，需要添加更高水平的VD3。     

种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能影响的研究

用29～36周龄海赛克斯(褐色)蛋用型父母代种公鸡112只、种母鸡1024只,研究了种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能的影响。上述试鸡,种母鸡饲用同一蛋鸡料,种公鸡则分别给饲下列4种日粮:1.高CP(17.5％),高AA(0.86％L_(Ys),0.63％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮;2.CP(12.5％),低AA(0.55％L_(YS),0.45％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮; 3.低CP(12.5％), 低AA(0.55％ L_(Ys), 0.45％SAA), 低Ca(1.0％)日粮;4,同3,仅更换维生素-微量元素综合预混料。结果:1.采用低CP、低AA、高Ca或低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮时,种公鸡的精液品质、种蛋受精率、孵化率等均无异于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P>0.05);2.采用种公鸡专用维生素-微量元素综合预流料,入孵蛋孵化率提高3.35％,日饲用低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮的种公鸡体增重(29～36周龄)大于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P<0.05),其36周龄体重较接近于品种标准。     

日粮磷对产蛋鸡组织钙的影响

选择４８只１７８日龄健康的罗曼商品蛋鸡，随机分成４个组，分别锔喂含有效磷为０．０８％，０．１２％，０．１５％和０．２５％的日粮，试验期６０d。结果表明，试验至第１５，３０和４５d，低磷日粮显著降低全血、血浆、蛋黄钙含量。第３０d低磷日粮显著降低羽毛、肝脏、脾脏、心脏、肺脏、肾脏和肌肉钙含量。第６０d，低磷日粮显著降低血浆、肺脏、肌肉钙含量。日粮磷水平与血浆、全血、羽毛、蛋黄、肌肉钙含量呈极显著正相关，与肝脏、肺脏钙含量呈显著正相关，表明低磷日粮对钙的代谢产生不利影响。     

沈阳市某乳业公司奶牛钙、磷、β-胡萝卜素盈缺状况检查

对沈阳市某乳业公司七个奶牛场牛群血中钙、磷、β-胡萝卜素含量进行抽检，从全群3，000多头成母牛中共抽检350头奶牛，其中包括84头高产奶牛、77头干奶牛、92头产后牛和97头有病牛。结果表明：全群牛血中钙、磷的平均含量偏低，血钙的最高值、平均值和最低值分别为3．32mmol／l、2．26 0．44mmol／l和1．53mmol／l，血磷的最高值、平均值和最低值分别为2．71mmol／l、1．72 0．51mmol／l和0．84mmol／l；血中钙、磷比例不当，其最大值、平均值和最小值分别为3．96：1．0、1．70：1．0和0．645：1．0：血中钙、磷含量乘积偏低，其最高值、平均值和最低值分别为63．74、48．20和24．50；血中β-胡萝卜素含量不足，其最高值、平均值和最低值分别为657μg／100ml、278．69 201.78μg／100ml和52μg／100ml，其中高产牛血中含量相对较高。     

利用脱脂玉米饼制备植酸钙的研究

This paper addresses the method for producing calcium phyticacid. It studies the effects of leached solid-liquid ratio, temperature, time, acid concentration and neutralization agent on the yield. Under the appropriate conditions, the total yield of the r