钙调磷酸酶-活化T细胞核因子信号途径在骨骼肌细胞生长和发育中生理作用的研究进展

钙调磷酸酶-活化T细胞核因子(nuclear factor of activated T cells,NFAT)信号途径作为肌肉细胞内重要的生物信号转导途径,在肌肉细胞中起到调节枢纽的作用,与肌肉生长及肌纤维的类型有密切关系.而肌肉组织降解在动物肌肉嫩化过程中具有重要的意义.因此,钙调磷酸酶-NFAT信号途径可能与肌肉...     

甘菊CBL基因的克隆与表达分析

基于已建立的甘菊ESTs文库,检索到了CBL基因4个不同的EST序列;采用RACE技术获得了它们的全长序列,并命名为ClCBL1-4。将甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)ClCBL与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的CBL进行多重序列比对发现,它们都含有4个结合钙离子的EF-hand结构域,且ClCBL1在N端有一个豆蔻酰化序列(MGCXXSK/T)。采用RT-PCR技术,分析了甘菊中CBL基因的表达与不同逆境胁迫的关系,表明甘菊CBL基因的表达在冷、干旱、热、盐及ABA胁迫中可被不同程度地诱导,而在非逆境胁迫条件下,甘菊CBL基因在根、茎、叶及花等不同器官中均有表达,且表达量相对一致。这些结果说明该家族基因参与了植物非生物逆境胁迫的抵御。     

两个甘蓝CBL基因的基因组解析

利用比较基因组学的方法从甘蓝基因组中鉴定出两个CBL基因,并对其结构、遗传进化、顺式元件进行了分析,以期为进一步研究这两个基因的功能和利用它们进行甘蓝抗逆分子育种提供有益借鉴。     

稻瘟菌侵染过程相关信号通路研究进展

稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)是典型的植物致病菌,其侵染过程依赖多种信号通路参与调控,包括环化腺苷酸(cAMP)信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路和Ca2+信号通路。最新研究发现,除了cAMP信号通路和MAPK信号通路,Ca2+信号通路在稻瘟菌的生长发育、孢子萌发、侵染结构形成和致病性方面也具有重要作用。结合这些信号通路及其相关基因和蛋白研究,综述了调控稻瘟菌致病性相关发育的信号传递分子机理,旨在为稻瘟菌致病机理的研究提供新的线索。     

CBL家族在植物逆境胁迫响应和生长发育中的作用

钙离子作为第二信使,参与植物体中生长发育和逆境胁迫的调节。钙调磷酸酶B类似蛋白CBLs作为钙离子感受器,通过与其互作蛋白激酶作用解密钙信号。CBLs在植物逆境胁迫以及生长发育调控方面起重要作用;近年来,这方面研究工作取得了重要进展。针对CBL家族结构特征及其在植物逆境胁迫和生长发育中的调控作用进行简要概述。     

逆境条件下植物CBL-CIPK信号途径转导的分子机制

非生物逆境条件下,植物细胞中的钙离子浓度会发生变化从而导致独特的钙信号的产生,钙信号通过与各种钙离子结合蛋白作用,从而将信号继续向下游传递.CBL蛋白作为近年来刚发现的一类钙结合元件,通过与一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶-CIPK相互作用而形成了一套植物钙信号传递网络,并且在盐、干旱、低钾等非生物逆境的信号传递中起着重要作用.     

杜梨类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白基因PbCBL2的克隆和功能初探

 类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白（Calcineurin B-like protein,CBLs）是植物中一类重要的钙离子传感器,参与调控植物生长发育及逆境胁迫响应过程。为了探明杜梨CBLs家族成员PbCBL2的序列特征和表达模式,以杜梨（Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge）幼苗为试材,运用EST搜索结合RACE技术、染色体步移法对PbCBL2的cDNA、DNA和启动子进行克隆,采用半定量RT-PCR和原核表达研究该基因在非生物胁迫下的表达模式。结果表明,PbCBL2基因cDNA序列长681 bp,编码一个含有226个氨基酸残基的蛋白。基因组DNA序列长1 927 bp,包括8个外显子和7个内含子,启动子序列包含光反应元件、厌氧诱导必需顺式作用元件、赤霉素反应元件和水杨酸响应顺式作用元件。PbCBL2编码的多肽具有植物类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白结合Ca²⁺所必需的4个EF手型结构和1个典型的植物钙调磷酸酶A亚基结合位点。未经处理的杜梨幼苗（对照）根和叶中未检测到PbCBL2的表达,PbCBL2的表达受NaCl、PEG6000、甘露醇和ABA诱导上调。PbCBL2转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后,能够明显减轻NaCl、甘露醇和PEG6000对该菌株的生长抑制。PbCBL2基因具备植物CBLs基因家族的固有特征,对盐碱、干旱、渗透胁迫和ABA处理均存在转录响应,大肠杆菌转入该基因后能够提高对盐胁迫和渗透胁迫的耐受能力。     

非生物胁迫诱导的玉米蛋白激酶基因ZmCIPK3的cDNA克隆和表达特性

类钙调磷酸酶B亚基互作蛋白激酶(calcineurin B-like calciumsensor interactingProtein Kinase,CIPK)在植物非生物胁迫信号转导中起重要作用。应用分子克隆的方法在玉米(Zea mays)中克隆了一个cDNA全长为1 350 bp的蛋白激酶基因ZmCIPK3(GenBank登录号为EU873319)。其编码的蛋白含有449个氨基酸,分子量为50.89kD,等电点为8.26。推断的ZmCIPK3催化结构域中包含蛋白激酶催化结构域保守的11个亚结构域,蛋白C端具有植物CIPK蛋白家族特有的包含24个氨基酸的NAF结构域。半定量RT-PCR结果表明,在玉米幼苗叶片中,ZmCIPK3响应甘露醇、氯化钠、ABA和4℃低温的诱导,其转录水平在12 h内呈上升趋势。ZmCIPK3是一个新的玉米蛋白激酶基因,响应多种非生物胁迫信号。     

Properties of thermoplastic composites with cotton and guayule biomass residues as fiber fillers

This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using residual plant fibers from agricultural waste streams as reinforcement in thermoplastic composites. Three groups of plant fibers evaluated included cotton burrs, sticks and linters from cotton gin waste (CGW), guayule whole plant, and guayule bagasse. The plant fibers were characterized for physical (bulk density and particle size distribution) and chemical properties (ash, lignin and cellulose contents). A laboratory experiment was designed with five fiber filler treatments, namely control (oak wood fiber as the filler - OWF), cotton burr and sticks (CBS), CBS with 2% (by weight) second cut linters (CBL), CBS with 30% (by weight) guayule whole plant (CGP), and CBS with 30% (by weight) guayule bagasse (CGB). The composite samples were manufactured with 50% of fiber filler, 40% of virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and 10% other additives by weight. The samples were extruded to approximately 32 × 7 mm cross-sectional profiles, and tested for physico-mechanical properties. The CBS and CBL had considerably lower bulk density than the other fibers. Cotton linters had the highest α-cellulose (66.6%), and lowest hemicellulose (15.8%) and lignin (10.5%) of all fibers tested. Guayule whole plant had the lowest α-cellulose and highest ash content. Both CBS and guayule bagasse contained α-cellulose comparable to OWF, but slightly lower hemicellulose. Evaluation of composite samples made from the five fiber treatments indicated that fibers from cotton gin byproducts and guayule byproducts reduced the specific gravity of the composites significantly. However, the CBS and CBL samples exhibited high water absorption and thickness swelling, but the addition of guayule bagasse reduced both properties to similar levels as the wood fiber. The CGP exhibited significantly lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Composite samples with the five different fiber fillers showed similar hardness and nail holding capacity, yet oak fibers imparted superior strength and modulus under flexure and compression with the exception of the compressive modulus of CGB composites. In general, both cotton ginning and guayule processing byproducts hold great potential as fiber fillers in thermoplastic composites.