不结球白菜抗病育种的研究：Ⅲ.矮抗一号新品种的选育

1984～1989年在对种质资源抗芜箐花叶病毒(TuMV)鉴定的基础上,采用系谱选择和母系选择法相蛄合的途径,选育出综合性状优良的矮抗一号新品种。其特点:(1)高产:生产试验平均亩产达3121.5kg.比对照矮脚黄增产16.1％;(2)抗病:TuMV和霜霉病人工鉴定病情指数为22.17和5.8,比对照矮脚黄降低72.2％和87.1％。与田间鉴定结果一致;(3)优质:叶片重/叶柄重达0.70,比对照提高48.9％。雏生素C、灰分和叶柄中可溶性固形物等营养成分含量均高于对照,而粗纤雏含量低;(4)商品性好:植株矮,叶片大,叶柄短且宽,符合喜食白梗菜地区的消费习惯。     

不结球白菜抗病育种的研究——Ⅳ.矮抗二号和矮抗三号新品种的选育

1984～1989年在对不结球白菜种质资源抗芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)鉴定的基础上,利用杂种优势育种技术,以抗病矮脚黄雄性不育两用系为母本、抗病矮脚黄和雪克青自交系为父本,选育出综合性状优良的矮抗二号和矮抗三号新品种。其特点:(1)丰产:生产试验平均产量分别达52.4和56.6t/hm~2,比对照矮脚黄分别增产29.9%和40.2%;(2)抗病:两品种 TuMV 和霜霉病人工鉴定病情指数比对照分别降低79.5%、98.7%和69.8%、88.0%;(3)优质:矮抗二号叶片重/叶柄重比对照提高17.0%,矮抗三号略低于对照,但其 V~c 灰分、叶片和叶柄中可溶性固形物含量等主要营养成份均高于对照,且纤维素含量低;(4)商品性好:矮抗二号叶柄短且宽,色白。矮抗三号叶柄短且宽,色绿白,分别符合全国大部分喜食白梗菜和青梗菜两大类型地区的消费习惯。     

薏苡的生育特点与高产栽培技术

通过对薏苡（ＣｏｉｘＬａｃｒｙｍａ－ｊｏｂｉＬ．ｖａｒ．ｆｒｉｕｍｅｎｔｅａｃｅＭａｋｉｎｏ）的植物学特征、生物学特性和高产栽培技术进行研究，提出亩产４００～５００ｋｇ，需选用矮秆小粒品种和肥水条件良好的地块，每亩留苗５５００～１１０００株，亩施纯Ｎ１８．７～２３．５ｋｇ，Ｐ２Ｏ５１２．４～１４．６ｋｇ，Ｋ２Ｏ２２．２～２４．７ｋｇ。     

葱蛋白质和氨基酸分析

蛋白质和氨基酸是葱营养品质的重要构成因素，其含量在不同类型、不同品种之间差异很大。分葱的蛋白质和氨基酸含量均较高，长白型大葱含蛋白质丰富而氨基酸较少，短白型大葱则相反，蛋白质含量虽少但氨基酸含量较高，鸡腿型大葱两者含量皆低。在１１份测试材料中，寿葱１号、葱子葱和日本分葱１号的蛋白质和氨基酸含量较高，是营养价值较高的优良品种，章丘大葱的蛋白质含量高，太９号氨基酸含量丰富，是进行优质育种的优良原始材料。蛋白质和总氨基酸含量之间存在极显著相关性：ｙｐｒ＝－０．２３７７＋１．９５６１ｘａａ（ｒ＝０．７８７９＊＊）。在所测１７种氨基酸中，Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｐ、Ａｌａ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｖａｌ、Ｌｙｓ和Ｐｈｅ含量较高，占总氨基酸的７２．６１％～７６．０４％，其中Ｇｌｕ含量最高，占总氨基酸的３２．４２％～４１．９８％。Ｇｌｕ和氨基酸总量之间还存在极显著相关性：ｙａａ＝０．１９７８＋１．９７８５ｘＧｌｕ（ｒ＝０．９２４９＊＊）。     

基于小孢子培养的青梗菜多倍体育种技术研究

 为创制多样性的青梗菜多倍体纯系用于多倍体育种实践,以16个青梗菜杂交种为试材进行游离小孢子培养,获得了393株小孢子植株。再生植株经过形态鉴定、叶片气孔特征检测、花粉粒大小及生活力检测、花粉母细胞染色体计数,鉴定出113个自然加倍的四倍体植株,从中筛选出3个优良株系。以可育的四倍体株系为亲本配制杂交组合,通过品种比较试验筛选出1个优势显著、综合性状优良的四倍体杂交组合‘T24 × T11’。建立了基于游离小孢子培养的青梗菜多倍体育种技术体系。     

绞股蓝属一新种

绞股蓝属一新种张智（安徽农业大学生物工程系合肥２３００３６）分类号：Ｓ９４９．７８２歙县绞股蓝新种图１ＣｙｎｏｓｆｅｍｍａＳｈｅｘｉａｎｅｎｓｅＺ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．多年生草质藤本,雌雄异株。茎纤细,多分枝,节部有短柔毛,地下无横走根状茎。叶...     

四川方竹属一新种

本文报导了四川方竹属一新种,即蜘蛛竹Chimonobambusa zhizhuzhu Yi。这个新种与屏山方竹Ch.pingshanensis Yi et J.Y.Shi相近似,但节间初时灰绿色,密被灰色瘤基小硬毛,很粗糙;气生根刺在每节上（5）14枚～25枚,较短,长1.5 mm～2 mm;箨鞘背面紫褐色,被淡黄白色斑块,箨片直立;小枝具叶1枚～2（3）枚,叶鞘无毛,边缘亦无纤毛;叶耳及鞘口繸毛缺失或稀具1枚～2枚纤弱繸毛,易于区别。     

种植密度对普通白菜花芽分化和现蕾的影响

为了解种植密度对普通白菜(BrassicacampestrisL.ssp.chinensisMakino)花芽分化和现蕾的影响,试验测定分析了75#普通白菜50孔穴盘与72孔穴盘植株生长发育的形态指标。结果表明,50孔穴盘植株前期叶片数低于72孔穴盘植株,随着植株生长,50孔穴盘植株营养生长旺盛,花芽分化较早,分化级数较高,抽薹现蕾率较高。     

Nitrogen Dioxide-Induced Responses in Brassica campestris Seedlings： The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Modulation of Antioxidative Level and Induced Resistance

This article investigates the responses of Brassica campestris seedlings to an acute level of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) exposure in a plant growth chamber, and examines whether pretreating plants with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) will alleviate NO₂-caused injury. Twenty-eight-day-old B. campestris plants sprayed with 10 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂ aqueous solution (corresponding to approximate 1.0 mg H₂O₂ per single plant) were exposed to different concentrations of NO₂ (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μL L⁻¹, respectively) for 24 h under controlled environment. To measure the plant biomass, the plants were fumigated with the same NO₂ concentrations as mentioned above for 7 h per day (8.00-15.00) for 7 days. As a control, charcoal filtered air alone was applied. Data were collected on plant biomass, total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, nitrate and nitrate reductase (NR), antioxidative enzymes, ascorbate (ASA), and malondialdehyde (MDA), immediately after exposure. The results showed that exposure to a moderate dose of NO₂ (e.g., 0.25 μL L⁻¹) had a favorable effect on plants, and the dry weight of the above-ground part increased, whereas the exposure to high NO₂ concentrations (e.g., 0.5 μL L⁻¹ or higher) caused a reduction in the plant biomass and the total chlorophyll, when compared with the control. In addition, at 0.5 μL L⁻¹ or higher NO₂ concentrations, prominent increases in the MDA level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NR activities were observed. Exposure to 1 μL L⁻¹ and higher NO₂ resulted in necroses appearing on older leaves, and an increase in catalase (CAT) activity, decrease in ASA content, increased accumulation of NO₃, and reduction in photosynthesis, when compared with the controls. No changes were detected in stomatal conductance under NO₂ fumigation. The pretreatment with 10 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂ alleviated significantly NO₂-caused biomass decrease and photosynthetic inhibition when compared with H₂O₂-untreated plants. Under NO₂ fumigation, further induction in SOD and CAT activities occurred in H₂O₂ treated plants when compared with H₂O₂-untreated plants. The effect of NO₂ on the ASA and MDA contents was also absent in H₂O₂-treated plants. However, the H₂O₂ treatment did not alter the nitrate content and NR activity in plants under NO₂ fumigation. The H₂O₂ treatment caused a lower rate of stomatal conductance. Taken together, these data suggest that fumigation with an acute level of NO₂ causes oxidative damage to B. campestris seedlings. The H₂O₂ pretreatment markedly protects plants against NO₂ stress and this may be associated with inducible antioxidative level. NO₂ fumigation contributes, at least in part, to the enhanced levels of nitrate in B. campestris leaves.     

爱玉子瘦果果胶酯酶的抽提条件及活性测定研究

研究了爱玉子果胶酯酶的优化提取方法,并测定了不同条件下爱玉子果胶酯酶的活性及热稳定性。结果表明:爱玉子果胶酯酶抽提液中NaCl的最佳浓度是5%,最佳抽提温度是30℃,最佳抽提时间是24 h,最佳保存时间24 h;酶活测定时作用液中NaCl最适浓度范围为0.6%~1.0%,作用液的最适pH为7.0,温度30~50℃,爱玉子果胶酯酶的热稳定性良好。