辣椒传入中国的途径与传播路径

通过考证认为，一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)于16世纪80年代从日本传入中国，最早的传入点是浙江。以浙江为起点，向北、西、南3个方向传播。向北方向，经江苏传到山东，虽然江苏没有接受辣椒，但山东很快接受并把辣椒当作花椒的替代品，名称由番椒变成了秦椒；再以山东为中心，继续向河北、辽宁传播，东北的辣椒是闯关东的山东人传播的；向西传到了天津、山西、河南、北京、甘肃、内蒙古，形成华北传播路线。向西方向，从浙江沿长江西上，安徽、江西、湖北没有接受，但湖南很快接受了辣椒，并以湖南为中心，向贵州、四川、云南、广东、广西、陕西等地传播，形成影响最大的长江传播路线，新疆的辣椒是在左宗棠收复新疆时由湖南军人传过去的。向南传播的速度非常缓慢，传到江西、福建的时间都较晚。从荷兰传入台湾的灌木辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)和从印度尼西亚雅加达传入台湾的中国辣椒(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)，经福建传到海南和云南。     

近期我国稻谷(米)供求趋势分析及发展预测与对策

本文分析了20年来我国水稻生产、消费和贸易的变化,认为只有"保红线(即保种植面积3 000万hm2,稻谷总产2亿t)攻单产"才能保证我国稻谷95%以上的自给率。并预测了2030年我国稻谷的供求趋势,认为只要确保种植面积年增长率达0.4%、总产年增长率达1.0%,供求关系将趋平衡,并略有节余。为确保我国中期稻谷生产与消费趋于合理区间,提出了"六保"发展措施。     

Effect of miR-19a on lipid catabolism in hepatocyte LO2

AIM: To observe the effect of microRNA-19a (miR-19a) on the lipid catabolism of hepatocyte LO2, and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS: miR-19a was over-expressed or silenced by transfection of miR-19a mimics or miR-19a inhibitor into LO2 cells, then the mRNA level of miR-19a was detected by real-time PCR. The potential target of miR-19a was found by the method of bioinformatics through internet website. The effect of miR-19a on the 3' UTR of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was measured by dual luciferase reporter assay, and the protein level of PPARα and its 2 major downstream rate-limiting enzymes involved in lipid catabolism, acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase (ACADM) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), were detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, the effect of miR-19a on the generation of ketone body was measured by beta-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB) detection assay. RESULTS: The mRNA level of miR-19a was dramatically elevated by the transfection of miR-19a mimics, and sharply decreased by the transfection of miR-19a inhibitor (P<0.05). PPARα was found as a potential target of miR-19a, and dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting confirmed the regulatory effect of miR-19a on the expression of PPARα, with the protein level changes of ACADM and CPT1A. miR-19a mimics down-regulated, while miR-19a inhibitor up-regulated the concentration of β-OHB in LO2 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: miR-19a regulates the lipid catabolism of hepatocytes by targeting the PPARα and its 2 downstream rate-limiting enzymes.     

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

中美体育慈善现状的比较研究

美国体育慈善有着良好的慈善文化背景、税收激励和管理制度，在参与意识、运营主体、运营规模 、活动方式、评估约束机制、组织等慈等方面都已经取得卓有成效的效果。中国体育慈善需要不断地吸取 美国已有的成熟经验，扩大慈善参与形式，完善慈善制度建设，逐步养成中国体育明星慈善参与的道德责 任和习惯，实现国内体育慈善蓬勃发展的新局面。     

住宅建筑热泵的热源选择

指出了住宅建筑的暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的比重大，较燃煤取暖而言，热泵技术的节能效果显著。从原理特点、适用性、限制条件、土建和设备建设难度和周期、后期管理维护等方面分析了空气、地表（下）水、土壤、太阳能和污水等热泵热源，探讨了住宅建筑热泵热源选择的总的原则。     

关于藏书倒架的研究与探讨——以中国矿业大学图书馆文昌科技图书阅览室为例

结合工作实际探讨藏书倒架的前期准备工作及倒架时的路线设计、人员组织安排和倒架后的环节完善。以期减轻图书馆人员在倒架工作中的劳动强度和工作量，提高工作效率。     

南海资源开发战略的国际经验比较与借鉴

众所周知,21世纪是海洋的世纪,发展海洋经济将成为世界各国的重要战略目标之一。南海作为中国海域面积最大、资源最丰富的外海,也将成为我国打造海洋强国战略目标的核心海域。而因其独特的区位因素和丰富的油气资源,引起了东南亚沿岸各国间的相互争夺,从而形成了"六国七方"的混乱局面。本文从主权争议,岛屿归属,南海资源开发(渔业资源开发,油气开采)等方面出发,研究我国南海资源开发过程中所面临的具体问题,并借鉴美、英、日、韩等国经验,寻求一种综合性解决南海资源开发的办法。     

良好农业规范（GAP）发展现状与建议——以云南省为例

良好农业规范在保证农产品质量与安全和出口中发挥着重要作用。综述了国内外良好农业规范认证发展情况及特征，结合2006-2017年间中国良好农业规范（CHINAGAP）在云南省的认证规模、区域分布和主体构成等指标，探讨了其在云南省的变化趋势。CHINAGAP在云南省呈现快速增长趋势，认证形成了以种植业为主、畜牧和渔业为辅的行业格局。但云南省认证总量偏少，认证可持续性和认知度较低等问题也制约了CHINAGAP在云南省的进一步发展。结合国内外良好农业规范发展经验，提出了加强政府引导，出台奖励办法；发挥企业与专业合作社示范作用，提高GAP认证积极性；加大CHINAGAP标准的宣传和推广力度等建议，为推动CHINAGAP认证工作在云南省的持续发展提供理论依据。     

中国与俄罗斯农业合作状况与发展思路

农业是人类的生存之本,也是中国的根基产业。自“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国农业农村部等部门,不断开辟新的领域,积极推动与沿线国家的农业合作发展。俄罗斯是中国“一带一路”战略的重要合作伙伴,两国长期在农业方面互有合作,但目前合作的规模还较小,效率还较低,尚未达到预期效果。在经济全球化趋势愈加明显的背景下,中俄两国应抓住机遇,不断深化两国在农业方面的合作,以推动双方农业经济发展。本文通过简述俄罗斯农业现状,并通过对两国在农产品贸易、农业投资、农业教育与科技合作等方面的具体情况与存在问题进行分析,提出了推动中俄两国农业合作的思路,以期为国内各部门和相关企业与俄罗斯开展农业合作提供参考。