基于TM影像的连云港海岸带土地利用变化研究

利用4期(1987年、2002年、2007年和2012年)TM/ETM遥感影像,运用GIS空间分析技术生成连云港海岸带区域4期土地利用类型图,然后应用景观格局分析软件Fragstats 4.1分析连云港海岸带的景观格局变化。同时收集连云港海岸带的相关社会经济统计数据进行分析,探讨了景观格局变化的人文驱动因子。结果表明:1987~2012年这25年间,变化较剧烈的类型是耕地和建设用地,耕地面积基本呈减少趋势;建设用地的面积基本呈增加趋势,且涨幅较大;连云港海岸带人口和第二产业快速增长带来了海岸带的大规模开发,对海岸带干扰较大。     

非饱和带地下水溶质运移模拟理论研究

通过非饱和带地下水中溶质运移的理论基础的研究,介绍了非饱和带内溶质运移模拟的研究方法及影响因素,在此基础上建立了非饱和带水流模型以及溶质运移的数学模型,并介绍了模型的求解方法有限差分法及其求解原理。同时介绍了影响非饱和带内溶质运移的相关参数及多种边界条件,研究了典型特征参数的设定及影响因素。指出了非饱和带溶质运移的理论研究意义,并举例提出了相关建议措施。     

互助县国家现代农业示范区现状及可持续发展对策

介绍了互助县国家现代农业示范区现状,并从加大科研示范力度、提供科研保障、提高应用水平、拓宽科研领域、提高务农人员素质、提高农产品档次、提升农业产业基地建设水平等方面提出了促进互助县国家现代农业示范区可持续发展的对策。     

我国农药地下水环境风险评估场景体系的建立

根据国际通用的标准场景和环境脆弱性概念,利用GIS技术,以我国气象、土壤、农业生产等数据为基础,构建农药环境风险评估过程"现实中最糟糕的情况"。针对旱地作物和地下水这一环境系统,将我国划分为6个农药地下水环境风险评估场景区,并在此基础上构建了11个标准场景点,从而形成针对旱地作物的我国农药地下水环境风险评估场景体系。利用欧盟农药环境暴露模型PEARL测试该场景体系,运行结果显示该场景体系科学可行。该场景体系的建立既为运用定量模型进行我国农药环境风险评估奠定了重要基础,也为我国农药环境风险管理、农药登记管理工作提供了技术支持和科学依据。     

Hypotheses to explain patterns of population change among breeding bird species in England

Population declines are now evident across many taxa, but within each assemblage there is often considerable variation in constituent population trends. We used bird population trends produced from the BTO/JNCC Common Birds Census (CBC) and the RSPB/BTO/JNCC Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), to test five main hypotheses to explain population changes of 59 breeding species in England (1967-2006): (1) breeding habitat, (2) predation risk to nest sites, (3) species climatic niche, (4) migration strategy, and (5) over-wintering bioclimatic zones of migrants, accounting for additional demographic and ecological traits. In absence of phylogenetic inter-relatedness, farmland species declined more than woodland species, most pronounced prior to 1986, probably reflecting agricultural intensification (1). We found limited support that ground nesters have declined more than above-ground or cavity nesters (2), and there was some indication that species with more northerly European distributions showed larger declines than more southerly-distributed species (3). Larger population declines were recorded for Afro-tropical migrants than species wintering in Europe or in the UK, most notable prior to 1986 (4). However, declines were not uniform across all migrants (5) - species over-wintering in the arid savannah bioclimatic zone of Africa decreased in population between 1967 and 1976, whereas species wintering in humid West African forest and savannah declined more after 1987. These results suggest both breeding and over-wintering factors influenced population trends. European countries signed to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals are required to protect and conserve populations of migrants. Understanding connectivity between breeding and over-wintering populations, and similar environmental pressures experienced within over-wintering areas may be a useful step towards mitigating against further declines in migrants.     

Isotopic evidence and quantification assessment of in situ RDX biodegradation in the deep unsaturated zone

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is an explosive compound whose extensive use has resulted in significant contamination of soils and groundwater worldwide. We studied its in situ biodegradation along the unsaturated zone beneath an explosives wastewater lagoon using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of RDX in the unsaturated zone, together with biodegradation slurry experiments under anaerobic conditions. We found the highest degradation potential of RDX and its nitroso derivatives in the upper part of the soil profile while in the lower parts, RDX-degradation potential was lower and the nitroso derivatives tended to persist. This was also observed in the field, as reflected by the isotopic composition of RDX along the profile. We also found a correlation between biodegradation potential and clay content: biodegradation was further enhanced in layers characterized by high-clay content or in those influenced by the high-clay layers. In addition, in the presence of high organic matter content, further enhancement of biodegradation was observed. We obtained different isotopic enrichment factors (?) for RDX biodegradation in different sections of the unsaturated profile and suggest that different degradation pathways exist simultaneously in situ, in variable proportions. Using the range of enrichment factors, we were able to assess the biodegradation extent of RDX at different sampling points along the profile, which ranged between 30 and 99.4%. The novel application of CSIA together with slurry experiments provides better insight into degradation processes that are otherwise difficult to detect and assess.     

荒溪灾害危险区制图技术的研究

荒溪灾害危险区制图（长期预报）是同荒溪分类一并进行治理山区、建设山区、防治荒溪灾害、实现山区可持续发展战略的一项基础性工作。本研究介绍了荒溪灾害危险区制图的具体方法，并已在整个北京山区推广实施，为我国荒溪灾害预报场地的基础危险性研究做了一项行之有效的工作。     

太行山前冲洪积扇地区土壤水分动态变化特征研究

土壤水分含量对土壤物理性质和植被生长状态有重要影响，但土壤水分在时间上具有一定的变异性。大规模开采地下水导致地下水位急剧下降，包气带不断增厚，使土壤水分的储存、运移和转化发生了变化，影响了土壤水的动态变化特征。本研究利用连续多年的土壤水分观测数据，分析了太行山前包气带土壤水分动态变化特征，结果表明：土壤含水量受丰水年枯水年影响存在年际差异，根据不同季节土壤水分的动态特点，可将其划分为三个时期，即土壤水分消耗期土壤水分累积期和土壤水分相对稳定期。在垂向上，土壤含水量从上层向下逐渐增大，土壤水分变异程度随土壤深度的增加而减弱。     

城市新区文化景观建设中的意识原则

分析构成文化景观的各项要素和新区文化景观建设中存在的问题,提出在建设新区文化景观时应遵循的原则与意识。     

毛细管区带电泳测定饲料添加剂中酪蛋白磷酸肽含量的方法研究

利用毛细管区带电泳(CZE)对饲料添加剂中酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)样品进行分离，结果显示，用四硼酸钠缓冲溶液(20mmmol/L,pH9.2)及50cm×70μmi.d.石英毛细管柱，在工作电压30kV、检测波长200nm、柱温25℃的条件下，CPP得到较好的分离；同时，采用外标法对饲料添加剂样品中CPP各组分的含量进行了测定。