麝香百合的组织培养与快速繁殖

利用麝香百合茎段，采用水培法形成的珠芽作为外植体进行组织培养。试验结果表明，最佳诱导分化培养基为MS BAl．0mg／L NAA0．4mg／L，继代增殖培养基为MS BA2．0mg／L NAA0．1mg／L，生根培养基为1／2MS mA0．3～0．4mg／L，生根率达98％～99％，最佳移栽基质为蛭石：细砂：油渣(140：59：1)，成活率达96％。     

乙酰丁香酮对组培芦竹不定芽诱导和生长的影响

[目的]研究组培条件下乙酰丁香酮(AS)对芦竹不定芽诱导和生长的影响,为芦竹农杆菌介导转基因过程中AS的使用提供依据。[方法]将芦竹外植体预培养3 d后接种到添加100、250、500、1 000、2 500、5 000μmol/L AS的培养基中培养,以不添加AS为对照,观察芦竹的不定芽诱导数及不定芽的高度。[结果]AS在一定的浓度下对芦竹外植体不定芽的诱导和生长都有影响。培养基中添加1 000～2 500μmol/L AS,对芦竹的生长有显著的促进作用;添加AS对芦竹不定芽的诱导有抑制作用,浓度范围1 000～5 000μmol/L与100～500μmol/L相比,对芦竹不定芽诱导的抑制作用显著增强。[结论]AS浓度为100～500μmol/L为芦竹转基因过程中可以使用的合适浓度。     

迟熟蕉柑花芽分化观察研究

研究迟熟蕉柑花芽分化规律,实现花芽分化的调控,对提高果实产量和品质具有重要的意义。采用石蜡切片法,连续两年（2006～2007）解剖观察迟熟蕉柑花芽分化过程,比较分析前后两年迟熟蕉柑花芽的形态分化进程及各分化期形态上的特点。结果表明,迟熟蕉柑花芽大部分在11月已进行花原基分化,主要集中在11月中下旬和12月上旬;11月下旬开始出现萼片原基,盛期在翌年2～3月;2月下旬出现花瓣分化。不同年份花芽分化时间存在一定的差异。迟熟蕉柑花芽分化迟,分化初期和萼片形成期历时均较长,花芽分化较分散,每个时期均有重叠交叉现象。认为要保证花器官的顺利分化,提高秋冬季迟熟蕉柑树体营养水平是关键。     

灭芽灵对烤烟侧芽抑制效果及烟叶产质量的影响

[目的]研究灭芽灵对烤烟侧芽抑制效果及烟叶产质量的影响。[方法]研究不同浓度的灭芽灵和人工抹杈对上部叶、中部叶叶面积、抑芽效果、烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]灭芽灵对烟草具有极显著的抑芽效果。灭芽灵处理的烟株烟叶产量和质量都有所提高。[结论]用稀释300倍的灭芽灵处理提高烟叶的产量和质量的效果明显好于其他浓度。     

不同外源激素及活性炭的添加对白芨增殖的影响

[目的]研究不同外源激素配比以及不同量的活性炭添加对白芨丛生芽增殖的影响,以实现不同外源激素对白芨增殖的配比优化。[方法]以MS为基本培养基,通过细胞分裂素(6-BA)和生长素(NAA)的不同配比添加,研究其对白芨组培苗增殖的影响。[结果]当6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L时,白芨增殖系数最高,达4.00;另外,活性炭添加可防止白芨苗褐化,但当添加量为0.20 g/L时,不仅有效地抑制了白芨组培苗的褐化,而且对白芨的生长分化影响最小。[结论]适合白芨增殖的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,活性炭添加量为0.20 g/L。     

Absorption and fate of imazapyr in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [¹⁴C]imazapyr was applied to growth-chambergrown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied ¹⁴C remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more ¹⁴C, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g^?1 dry weight. Root release of ¹⁴C was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the ¹⁴C reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism.     

杏胚珠培养及幼胚子叶不定芽诱导研究

以盛花后25、35、50、55、60d的凯特杏胚珠为外植体,研究胚珠培养的适宜条件;选择发育一致的幼胚子叶,研究不定芽的发生条件。结果表明,SH培养基是凯特杏胚珠培养的适宜培养基;盛花后25d的凯特杏胚珠(PF=0),仅采用生长培养不足以发育成可见胚,试验采用诱导方式获得了可见胚,诱导出胚率为80%;以MS为基本培养基,BA与NAA结合诱导能力强;但这种胚小且瘦弱,继续生长培养,利用幼胚子叶诱导不定芽。在幼胚子叶诱导不定芽方面,盛花后25、35d取样的凯特杏胚珠,培养后获得幼胚子叶,诱导不定芽的适宜TDZ质量浓度为1.25mg/L,诱导出芽率分别为85.00%、80.00%;盛花后50、55d取样的材料,适宜TDZ质量浓度为2.50mg/L,出芽率分别为65.00%、60.00%,而盛花后60d取样的材料,适宜TDZ质量浓度为5.0mg/L,出芽率为61.11%,不定芽主要发生在子叶的近轴面、胚轴连接处及子叶近轴端两侧;在相同培养基中,25℃进行21d暗培养,盛花后35、50、55、60d材料出芽率分别为72.22%、65.00%、60.00%、55.56%;4℃下28d暗培养,35、50、55、60d依次为59.09%,71.42%、77.78%、86.36%;对不定芽进行伸长、生根与快繁培养,获得了健康正常的植株。通过以上研究,建立了凯特杏幼胚4级培养体系,即(1)胚珠培养,获得可见胚(1级培养);(2)幼胚生长培养(胚培养),获得了健壮幼胚(2级培养);(3)幼胚子叶再生,获得不定芽(3级培养);(4)不定芽组培苗快繁(4级培养)。     

Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide

The trifluralin is an agent that promotes a cellular damage due to its direct action on the microtubules. This action leads to a decontrol in the cellular division, bringing about polyploid cells. In this work, we show the evidences that the exceeding genetical material of theses polyploidizated cells tends to be eliminated from the nucleus in the form of micronucleus. Our analyses prove this fact, both by the presence of a number of cells carrying micronucleus, and by the evidences of the elimination of the exceeding material itself, after exposition of the Allium cepa root tips tested with several concentration of trifluralin herbicide. It was noticed that the residual concentration induced a number of polyploid cells, micronuclei and mini cells. Inferences about the implications of the elimination of genetic material from micronuclei, such as cell viability and apoptosis, are also presented.     

The occurrence of taste buds in adults of the terrestrial ceacilian Boulengerula boulengeri Tornier, 1898 (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona: Herpelidae)

Two generations of gustatory organs occur during amphibian ontogeny in frogs and salamanders (Anura and Caudata), and are classified as taste buds or taste discs. Taste buds are present in larval forms, whereas taste discs are typical for adults. The little research done on Gymnophiona suggests that only taste buds are present in aquatic forms (larvae and adults), and adults of the only terrestrial species studied had taste buds. Here we investigate the nature of gustatory organs in a terrestrial caecilian, Boulengerula boulengeri (Herpelidae), from Tanzania using standard light and scanning electron microscopy. We found only taste bud type organs to be present in B. boulengeri. These occur mainly in the mucosa of the front part of the oral cavity, usually near the teeth. Our results suggest that B. boulengeri possesses only one type of gustatory organ during its ontogeny.     

Spatial distribution patterns and environmental interpretation of Anthriscus sylvestris clonal buds

Anthriscus sylvestris, a weed found both in Europe and China, is a kind of representative clustered clonal plant and is a foe on dams and banks. It has been widely investigated in Europe for its powerful progenitive ability and tolerance to severely adverse environments. Our aims were to investigate and quantify its spatial distribution patterns in four types of community habitats, using a clustering method and adjacency lattice established by Greig-Smith. We concluded our environmental interpretation based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) appended to a Monte Carlo test with randomized seeding. The results indicate that the buds around the parent roots are in an aggregation distribution pattern in all scales (0.002–5.12 m²), but theoretical distribution fitting, like negative binomial and Poisson distribution, show that some sizes of several sampling locations are out of place. For this, spatial ordination gives a satisfactory answer implying the effect of environmental variables such as depth of humus layer, soil moisture, light condition, disturbance intensity and herb abundance. CCA accounts for 64.7% of the total environmental variation and the remaining variation may be counteracted in those five variances or can be interpreted by other factors like accumulating temperature, annual rainfall and altitude in landscape scale. With the aid of temporal sequencing, the suppressed type II (monodominant) may be the former mode of suppressed type I (stable type), where invasion is done with the help of disturbance from both humans and nature. The abundance of A. sylvestris can add to our cognition in diversity resistance hypothesis and our hypothesis on disturbance before or upon immigration. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 27(3): 1–7, 11 [译自: 浙江林业科技]