黄芩茎段腋芽诱导与植株再生试验

以黄芩茎段为外植体,在附加不同植物激素组合的培养基中对腋芽的诱导和再生植株进行试验研究。结果表明：MS＋6-BA1.5mg/L＋IBA 0.2mg/L培养基有利于促进腋芽萌发和生长;最有效的增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋IBA 0.5mg/L,幼芽的增殖系数高达11.9;最有效的生根培养基为1/2 MS＋IBA 0.5mg/L,生根率可达90%。     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系09A花蕾发育过程中生理生化特性研究

通过分光光度法,对油菜细胞质雄性不育系09A和保持系09B不同发育时期花蕾中POD、CAT、SOD、APX的活性和MDA、游离Pro含量进行了测定,并讨论分析了与雄性不育之间的关系。结果表明：不育系09A不同发育阶段花蕾中CAT、SOD、APX三种酶活性均低于09B;POD活性在不育系花蕾发育早期低于09B,但随着花蕾的发育,09B的POD活性逐渐下降,而09A的POD活性则逐渐升高;不育系09A的MDA含量在整个花蕾发育过程中均高于09B,而Pro含量则低于09B。     

~(60)Co-γ射线对孔雀草种子的发芽率及幼苗生长的影响

用不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐射孔雀草种子,研究射线对种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:发芽率和辐射剂量呈负相关;芽长和辐射剂量呈正相关,而根长和辐射剂量呈微相关。     

白沙枇杷成熟胚子叶诱导不定芽再生

枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica L.)是原产中国的特色树种,分红沙、白沙两大品系.因其基因型高度杂合,童期长,传统的育种方法周期长,所以采用现代生物技术手段育种显得尤为重要.基因工程是品种改良快速和有效的育种手段,而基因工程的遗传转化操作系统的建立依赖于不同类型的外植体高频植株再生.枇杷的离体培养植株再生主要集中在幼胚、胚乳、花药以及原生质体等方面 [1～6],目前存在再生频率低下、培养难度较大等问题[7].近几年在枇杷成熟胚子叶诱导再生方面相继展开了一些研究,但诱导产生不定芽仅限于红沙系品种[8,9],白沙系品种至今未有报道.为此,本试验拟进行白沙枇杷成熟种子子叶再生不定芽研究,试图建立白沙枇杷成熟子叶再生体系,为以后通过基因工程改良枇杷品种奠定基础.     

菊花花瓣的组织培养技术研究

以紫色线状菊花花瓣为外植体,研究了不同培养基组成、外植体摆放方式、光照条件对其再生的影响.结果表明:菊花花瓣诱导适宜光照时间是12～16 h/d;花瓣花背向上比花背向下效果不定芽的诱导效果好,而在愈伤组织诱导时花背向下比花背向上效果好;MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L或2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L可作为外植体的愈伤组织诱导的培养基;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L能直接从花瓣上诱导产生不定芽;MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 1.5 mg/L丛生芽诱导率高,且产生的丛生芽质量高;1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L为适宜的生根培养基.     

板栗雄花芽生理分化期矿质元素含量的变化与积累

为探索矿质元素对板栗雄花芽分化的影响,以新选育出的鄂栗2号板栗为试材,采用对比研究法,研究了雄花芽生理分化期雄花芽和叶芽中9种矿质元素含量的变化。结果表明,N含量在雄花芽中直线上升,在叶芽中直线下降;P和K含量在2种芽中均直线下降,Ca和Mn则与之相反;Cu、Fe和Zn含量呈＂高-低-高＂的变化趋势;Mg变幅不大。整个分化期不同矿质元素含量间,除N、Mn与其他元素无相关性外,其他7种矿质元素均存在不同程度的相关性：P与K、Cu,Ca与Mn,Fe与Zn极显著正相关;P与Mn,K与Ca、Mn极显著负相关;P与Ca,Mg与Cu,Cu与Zn显著负相关。生理分化结束时,雄花芽中N、P、K、Cu含量极显著高于叶芽,Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn含量极显著低于叶芽。     

早熟葡萄新品种‘峰早’

‘峰早’是从‘巨峰’芽变中选育出的葡萄新品种。平均单穗质量500 g,果粒圆形,单粒质量9.0 ~ 12.0 g,果皮紫红色,可溶性固形物含量15.0%左右。果实发育期 47 d左右,7月初成熟,抗病性强,适合保护地和露地栽培。     

辐照对板栗胚芽细胞结构的影响

本研究试图通过电子显微镜观察γ辐射对板栗胚芽细胞的损伤程度 ,结果发现辐照对胚芽中淀粉影响较为明显 ,0 5kGy以下处理时对胚芽淀粉无明显影响 ,1kGy处理淀粉粒边缘开始部分糊化 ,6kGy以上剂量辐照糊化较为明显。与此相对应 ,板栗种子淀粉的粘度也随辐照剂量的增加而逐渐下降。另外观察到胚芽细胞壁随辐照剂量的增加而逐渐变薄     

Chilled Storage of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Fillets Coated with Plant Oil Incorporated Alginate Gels: Effect of Clove Leaf,Clove Bud,Rosemary and Thyme Oils

Essential oil incorporated alginate coating provides a novel way to improve the safety and shelf life of pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillet. Oils from the leaves and buds of clove, flowering tops of rosemary, and dried seeds of thyme were incorporated separately in alginate coating. All the plant oils showed antibacterial activity, but the zone of inhibition was relatively larger for thyme oil. Alginate coating was performed using sodium alginate (1.5%), glycerol (10%), and calcium chloride (2%) and plant oil at 1% (v/v). The coated fillets were stored under chilled conditions and samples were analyzed for bacteriological, chemical, sensory, color, and texture parameters. Psychrotrophic counts crossed 7 log cfu/g by the 13^th day and 15^th day of chilled storage in control and plant oil treated fillets, respectively. The peroxide value of treated fillets was relatively low. Texture profile analysis indicated that plant oil incorporated alginate coating reduced the rate of loss of texture (softening) during chilled storage. Plant essential oil incorporated alginate gels were relatively better compared to control fillets in preserving pangasius fillet quality during chilled storage, and incorporation of thyme oil was relatively better compared to clove leaf oil, clove bud oil, and rosemary oils.     

An assessment of hatchery effects on Florida bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) microsatellite genetic diversity and sib‐ship reconstruction

Black bass populations have been augmented with aggressive aquaculture as a fisheries management tool over the past several decades. The purpose of our study was to estimate changes in genetic diversity and effective number of breeders (N_b) contributing to and represented in fingerling samples from two stages in the Florida bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) production process: post‐fry grow‐out and post‐feed training. We screened 120 wild‐sourced brood fish and 900 fingerlings representing two periods at nine microsatellite loci and determined relatedness (R_xy), effective number of breeders (N_b) and general diversity trends over the hatchery production process. The construction of putative full‐sib partitions revealed that cohorts within stage 1 and 2 fingerling samples consisted of large numbers of small sib groups (80 and 55 groups respectively). Effective number of breeders calculated using the linkage disequilibrium method was estimated at 60–100 depending on the N_b parameters, representing a N_b/N of >0.5. Our assessment suggests that the current raceway breeding practice appear to be adequate at maintaining substantial portions of the genetic diversity of the breeding stock.