性外激素诱发中华乌塘鳢产卵的初步研究

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P<0.05);贮精囊提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量分别显著高于精巢提取液和卵巢提取液(P<0.05);提取液中PGE2和PGF2α的含量均依次为贮精囊提取液>精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。     

基于电磁感应的典型干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性

为研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性,指导农业生产实践,运用大地电导率仪（EM38、EM31）对研究区域进行移动式磁感调查,获取表观电导率（ECa）。同时,通过27个校准点的采样和ECa测量,建立土壤盐分的电磁感应解译模型。干旱区土壤盐分质量分数与EM38、EM31水平模式读数（H38、H31）显示出良好的相关性（R=0.935）,可以利用ECa结合GIS和地统计学知识研究土壤盐分的空间分布。采用两种方法进行研究：一种是先利用解译模型获取磁感调查点的土壤盐分质量分数,然后进行地统计分析研究其空间分布;另一种是先利用地统计分析研究H38和H31的空间分布,然后利用解译模型通过栅格运算计算盐分质量分数,精度检验显示前者预测值与实测值之间的相关性更好（R2, 0.888＞0.873）;标准差较低（std. 0.414＜0.426）,具有更高的预测精度。研究结果表明,基于电磁感应研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性是切实可行的,这对于土壤盐渍化的快速诊断,指导农业生产和促进精准农业的发展具有重要的意义。     

氟乐灵在辣椒离体组织染色体加倍上的应用研究

[目的]为摸索一条更有效、更简便、更经济的辣椒四倍体诱导途径。[方法]以辣椒品种兴蔬201为试材,采用辣椒子叶离体组织培养技术,将分化出来的丛生芽使用抗微管除草剂氟乐灵（Trifluralin）进行辣椒四倍体的诱导试验。[结果]当氟乐灵使用浓度为10、50、100mg/L,处理时间为12、24、48h时,所有供试材料均出现明显的根尖加粗现象。利用根尖压片和保卫细胞气孔面积分析发现,当氟乐灵使用浓度为50mg/L,处理时间为24h时,获得的加倍效果最好,诱导率达到26.5%。[结论]利用氟乐灵处理辣椒离体组织可能成为获得四倍体辣椒的有效途径之一。     

Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed development in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Abstract

Sensitivity to photoperiod in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was studied under controlled conditions to enhance crop adaptation to environments outside its centre of origin. Two varieties, a traditional variety from Bolivia (Real), which will not mature under Danish conditions, and an early maturing variety (Q52), developed for Danish climatic conditions, were used in this reciprocal transfer experiment. Plants were moved from a short daylength of 10 h (SD) to a long daylength of 18 h (LD) and vice versa at set intervals from sowing to 100 days after sowing (DAS). A reaction of LD in time to flowering was observed only in the Bolivian variety Real. Under SD both varieties flowered after 39 DAS. For Real the LD regime resulted in a moderate increase in time to flowering to 44 DAS. The non-sensitive, juvenile period in Real was estimated to be approximately 16 days. In Q52 a moderate increase in the number of leaves was formed on the main stem after flowering at LD, which indicates that some daylength sensitivity remains. The most striking difference occurred during seed filling, when going from SD to LD. In Q52 the time from the end of flowering to maturity increased from 39 to 52 days. Under SD, Real had a seed-filling period similar to Q52, but at LD Real remained with green leaves during seed filling. Hard seed was observed in the still green perigonium 57 days after end of flowering. At this moment re-shooting occurred from the inflorescence, and seed maturity was not reached at the termination of the experiment at 150 DAS. This study shows that flower induction is not a major problem for adaptation of quinoa to North European conditions but that a very strong, daylength sensitive, stay green reaction is the main cause of the late maturity of South American introductions.     

俄罗斯野麦草引种试验

俄罗斯野麦草青草产量，４７３７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，种子产量为２２９５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，抗逆性强，适应范围广，返青早，枯黄期迟，青绿期长，利用价值高，适宜甘肃省绝大多数牧区和半农半牧区推广种植。     

Genetic Variation for Heat Tolerance During the Reproductive Phase in Brassica rapa

We investigated heat tolerance at the reproductive stage in six spring‐type B. rapa accessions and one B. juncea accession as a control. Plants were subjected to two temperature treatments for seven days in controlled environmental rooms, beginning one day before the first open flower on the main stem inflorescence. The high‐temperature treatment ranged from 25 °C to 35 °C during 16 h light and 25 °C during 8 h dark. The control temperature treatment was set at 23 °C during 16 h light and 15 °C during 8 h dark. Soil moisture was maintained at close to field capacity to avoid drought stress. Main stem buds that emerged during the treatment period were tagged, and pod and seed production was recorded at each reproductive node. Leaf temperature depression and leaf conductance increased in the high‐temperature treatment which indicated that plants were not drought stressed. A leafy vegetable type of B. rapa from Indonesia was the most tolerant to high temperature, as defined by its ability to set seed equally well in the control and high‐temperature treatments, followed by an oilseed type from Pakistan. Pollen viability remained above 87 % in all accessions and treatments. We conclude that bud number and length, and pod number produced under high temperatures, might provide a useful preliminary screen for high‐temperature tolerance and that B. rapa may be a valuable source of heat tolerance in canola (B. napus).     

多因子联合诱导系统的构建及对黄瓜白粉病防治试验

由多个不同的抗病诱导因子组成植物抗病诱导系统的1个子系统。每个因子都是这个系统中的1个要素。系统的性质不但取决于系统中的要素,还取决于要素的结构。合理的配伍可以使要素与要素之间、要素与系统之间的关系得以优化,使系统的功能得以强化。把筛选得到的多个不同的抗病诱导因子进行配伍,组合成新的"诱导组合体",其诱导效应比单一因子显著提高;用不同的"诱导组合体"进行"相继诱导"和"循环诱导",则进一步提高诱导效应,对黄瓜白粉病的田间防治效果达到78.16%,高于常规杀菌剂的防治效果。     

阔叶缬草的离体培养及不定芽发生

为建立阔叶缬草离体培养体系并探讨不定芽形态建成的细胞学基础，以盆栽的野生苗为材料，切取其嫩叶、叶柄、地下幼嫩根状茎和不定根作为外植体，探讨不同消毒方式的影响及不同生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织诱导、和不定芽分化的影响；将具芽点分化的愈伤组织进行石蜡切片，并观察不定芽发生的显微结构。结果表明：1、地上部外植体的消毒方式为70%酒精浸泡30 s后0.1%升汞浸泡6 min效果较好；地下部分因受污染比较严重，消毒困难，死亡率为100%。2、地上部分的叶片和叶柄均能诱导出愈伤组织，且产生具香味的毛状根。适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基为 MS 2,4-D 2mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/ L，其中以叶为外植体诱导率较高，可达80%，但愈伤组织在供试培养基中分化困难，最高分化率仅为25%，培养基为 MS 6-BA 4 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L；3.不定芽的发生起源于愈伤组织表皮细胞的分裂，属于外起源。     

沙棘沸水烫种快速催芽方法及其应用

用80-100℃沸水烫种,对沙籽种细胞膜的透性伤害率极低,可忽略不计。早春3月中下旬2-3d沸水烫种2-3次,然后室内闷种2-3d,播种后5-7d即可发芽,较温水浸种、混砂堆藏等常规催芽方法,提早发芽出苗10-15d,配合应用GA3液浸种则苗木速生效果好。     

控制灌水对梨幼树枝条生长和成花的影响

以3年生梨幼树为试材,研究了4种不同灌水处理对梨幼树枝条生长和花芽形成的影响。结果表明,在冬季一次灌水(250m~3/亩)的基础上,减少土壤供水可有效地控制新梢长度和粗度,缓和树势,增加花芽数量。减少土壤供水可使幼树总生长量轻微下降,主干生长减弱,树冠长梢比例下降,中、短梢比例增加,单位主干横截面积上的花芽数明显增加。生长季节控制灌水,可节约灌水量、扩大灌溉面积、并能促使梨幼树早期结果。