Effect of quick-freezing temperature on starch retrogradation and ice crystals properties of steamed oat roll

Oat roll is one of the traditional oat wholemeal foods. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of quick freezing at −20 °C, −40 °C and −80 °C for 90 min before frozen storage on the quality of frozen steamed oat roll. Quick freezing at −40 °C and −80 °C inhibited the increase of peak gelatinization temperature, enthalpy and the ordered degree of oat roll starch, therefore postponing starch retrogradation. The cross-section microstructure confirmed that reducing the quick-freezing temperature could prevent the increase of ice crystals size, ruptured structures and maintain the integrity of internal structure. As the storage time extend, the ice recrystallization led to an increase in size of ice crystals, while a decrease in their number. Frozen steamed oat roll starch had the highest swelling power at the quick-freezing temperature of −80 °C, that indicated strongest water absorption and binding ability when gelatinized again. Texture analysis demonstrated that hardness increased during frozen storage, quick freezing at −80 °C had the best texture properties. Therefore, declining the quick-freezing temperature could obtain a higher quality of frozen steamed oat roll, by means of delaying the starch retrogradation and minimising the size of ice crystals.     

新型温室除雪机在农业温室中的应用研究

冬季北方地区温室屋面除雪是农业部门研究的热点问题之一,为解决屋面积雪压塌温室这一问题,设计了一种新型温室除雪机,并对其除雪机构、输送机构及功率消耗进行了理论计算和试验验证。研究表明:采用硬质毛刷和螺旋机构制成的除雪机,适合清扫屋面的较厚积雪,减小了除雪过程中的阻力,降低了农民的劳动强度。理论分析和样机试验较吻合。试验表明,整机结构合理,具有很好的除雪效果,达到了预期设计目标。     

The Research and Development of the Pilger''s CARD and 3D Modeling

The paper expatiates the principle of the pilger mill roll groove. A math model for optimization is set up based on various factors concerning the roll groove including the deformation theory, design process and selection of the parameters, etc. Meanwhile, the CARD techniques are combined. As a result, a software for the roll groove optimization is developed that provides such functions as groove data management, groove profile plotting and groove data printing, being a basis for relevant technological decision and groove optimization. Meanwhile, the principle and realization of complex curves are discussed. The 3D modeling is achieved by the exchange of data that is based on the CARD system.     

猕猴桃—苹果复合果丹皮加工工艺研究

为了拓宽猕猴桃产品的开发途径,以猕猴桃、苹果为原料,研制猕猴桃—苹果复合果丹皮,最佳工艺配方为苹果与猕猴桃的质量比为2∶8,每100 g混合果浆里配料的添加量为:蔗糖30 g,柠檬酸4.5 g,果胶0.7 g,植物油0.5 g;最佳工艺条件为:50℃真空浓缩至可溶性固形物含量为50%左右,摊片厚度3~4 mm,50~55℃烘烤14~16 h。     

Effects of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on digestibility and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed low rice straw at different lengths

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu; RF) on digestibility and on rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed high concentrate and low rice straw. Eight steers (461 kg in average bodyweight) were used. Four steers were orally dosed three RF per head (RF‐dosing) and the other four were not dosed (non‐RF). All steers were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4 kg/day in bodyweight. Rice straw was cut 2 cm and 30 cm. The organic cell wall content of feeding diets was 17% in dry matter basis. Digestibility and nutritive value were not affected by RF dosing and length of rice straw. Ruminal pH was significantly lower in RF‐dosing group than in non‐RF group after feeding, and tended to be higher in long rice straw than in short rice straw throughout the day. There were no clear difference on total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid by RF dosing and length of rice straw throughout examined period. These present results suggest that digestibility and rumen fermentation status are not affected by RF dosing when organic cell wall content of feeding diets is approximately 17% in dry matter with rice straw over 2 cm.     

基于CarSim的整车操稳性研究

悬架的K&C特性对整车操稳性具有重要影响。基于悬架K&C试验台对试验车辆进行台架试验,根据拟合范围对试验数据进行后处理拟合。基于CarSim软件建立整车参数化仿真模型,分析不同关键参数的赋值对横摆角速度以及车身侧倾角的影响,得出整车操稳性的主要影响参数以及相应的影响规律,为工程实践中的悬架设计、整车底盘匹配提供一定参考。     

立辊型玉米收获机摘穗辊辊型对工作性能的影

摘穗辊辊型对玉米联合收获机作业效果的影响显著.通过正交试验研究了立辊型玉米收获机摘穗辊辊型对作业主要性能参数的影响,同时对各运动参数的交互作用进行对比分析,确定了各运动参数的最佳组合.摘穗辊的花纹形状对损失率的影响显著,圆顶花纹在摘穗辊转速为1 000 r/min的条件下工作可以获得最佳效果.辊型对功率影响显著,圆顶花纹在摘穗辊转速为900 r/min的条件下工作的功率消耗最低.摘穗辊的工作间隙与损失率之间呈线性关系.     

连续式弹簧刷去鳞机的研制与试验

为了满足淡水鱼批量去鳞加工的需要,以前期对去鳞方法的研究结果为依据,经过方案论证,研制出了连续式弹簧刷淡水鱼去鳞机。该设备首次将弹簧去鳞刷应用于去鳞设备中,采用了两对压辊和去鳞辊组合的设计方案,实现了连续式的去鳞加工。对体长500 mm的鲢鱼去鳞,其理论生产率达到2 941尾/h,理论度电产量达到1 540尾/(kW.h)。去鳞效果试验结果表明,对鲢鱼的去鳞率平均值为61.7%,对鳊鱼为65.7%,对鲫鱼为72.2%。     

芡实机械脱壳中的摩擦特性试验研究

为给芡实脱壳后的分离工艺和机械设计提供相关的物料性能数据,利用剪切仪、自制的斜面仪、休止角测定装置等设备,对不同成熟度、不同粒径大小的芡实颗粒的内摩擦系数、静滚动稳定角、休止角等摩擦特性进行了测定。结果表明,芡实颗粒越小、成熟度越低、接触表面粗糙度越大,则颗粒之间的摩擦力越大、颗粒与接触材料的摩擦力越大,其内摩擦系数、静滚动稳定角、休止角越大;利用斜度14.7～21.5°的斜面仪能够分离出芡壳,但不能对芡仁和带壳芡实整粒进行有效分离;采用橡胶板分离芡壳、芡仁效果最好。研究结果可为芡实脱壳、分离等相关机械的研发提供参考。     

基于弹性迟滞理论的轮胎滚动阻力解析模型构建

为了降低轮胎滚动能量损失,该文提出一种新型轮胎滚动阻力解析模型。分析轮胎滚动阻力产生的机理,考虑材料的弹性迟滞特点,定义非线性弹性力和非线性阻尼力构建轮胎垂向复合回复力公式,搭建特定试验进行模型参数辨识。根据刷子模型将轮胎接地部分化简为两部分:一部分为接地中心到刷毛单元开始接触地面的加载区域;另一部分为接地中心到刷毛单元离开地面的卸载区域。然后分别对参数辨识得到的加载和卸载曲线在相应区域内积分并求和,获得轮胎滚动阻力矩解析模型。根据ISO 28580标准对轮胎滚动阻力进行测试,结果表明:轮胎滚动阻力随速度(10~120 km/h)和垂向负载(6~25 kN)的增大而增大;试验结果与解析值在相同的工况条件下变化趋势基本一致,从而验证了模型的有效性。新型滚动阻力模型的提出有助于轮胎的结构优化。