Effects of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on digestibility and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed low rice straw at different lengths

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu; RF) on digestibility and on rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed high concentrate and low rice straw. Eight steers (461 kg in average bodyweight) were used. Four steers were orally dosed three RF per head (RF‐dosing) and the other four were not dosed (non‐RF). All steers were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4 kg/day in bodyweight. Rice straw was cut 2 cm and 30 cm. The organic cell wall content of feeding diets was 17% in dry matter basis. Digestibility and nutritive value were not affected by RF dosing and length of rice straw. Ruminal pH was significantly lower in RF‐dosing group than in non‐RF group after feeding, and tended to be higher in long rice straw than in short rice straw throughout the day. There were no clear difference on total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid by RF dosing and length of rice straw throughout examined period. These present results suggest that digestibility and rumen fermentation status are not affected by RF dosing when organic cell wall content of feeding diets is approximately 17% in dry matter with rice straw over 2 cm.     

六安地区农作物种植结构优化模型及其应用

利用线性规划方法,对六安地区农作物种植结构进行优化模拟,优化调整后的农作物种植系统的社会、经济、生态效益均优于现实系统结构,系统净总收益增加9629．19万元。该模型可为当前区域性农业结构调整提供定量分析方法和决策依据。     

木材表面化学镀处理技术

现实生活中电子产品在室内环境中的运用日益增多,为解决木质产品的电磁屏蔽性,将电子产业成熟的化学沉积金属镀工艺技术引入到木材处理中,阐述了化学镀的机理及其在木材加工中的利用,以木材化学镀铜、镀金工艺为例,从其研究进展、处理工艺、质量评价等方面分析了木材化学镀铜、镀金处理后材料的性能以及生产应用的可行性.     

快速镍刷镀层耐磨性试验研究

对不同配方快速镍刷镀层的耐磨性进行了对比试验研究。分别改变工作电压和电极相对速度,得出３种配方快速镍刷镀层耐磨性与工作电压、耐磨怀与电极相对速度关系的回归方程和回归曲线,揭示了刷镀层耐磨性随着各因素水平变化而变化的规律。选取快速镍刷镀液配方、工作电压和电极相对速度３个因素进行正交试验结果表明,快速镍刷镀液配方对刷镀层耐磨性有极显著的影响。３种配方、工作电压和电上对速度３个因素进行正交试验,结果表明     

石灰岩山地天然灌木植被的定向培育

通过对石灰岩山地主要灌丛、灌草丛植被类型的特征、植物组成、生物量的调查和测定,得知石灰岩山地广泛分布的灌丛有8个类型,灌草全有5个类型。对236块野外标地资料的分析表明,不同立地上灌木生物量差异悬殊。提出了不同立地上灌木植被的培育方向。     

化学镀铜杨木单板的导电性与电磁屏蔽效能分析

为了给电热式化学镀铜地热地板研究提供参考,对化学镀铜杨木单板的导电性与电磁屏蔽效能进行测试,分 析镀层厚度与吸收损耗、反射损耗、趋肤效应的关系。结果表明:镀铜杨木单板屏蔽效能主要以反射损耗为主,属 于反射型电磁屏蔽材料;表面电阻率随镀层厚度的增加呈减小趋势,横纹方向的表面电阻率是顺纹方向的3 倍左 右;频率越高,电磁波在镀铜层中传导时的趋肤深度越小,通过计算趋肤深度确定化学镀铜层的厚度,可以节省镀 铜时间并节约成本。      

化学镀镍老化液的处理及资源回收利用

参考了 2 7篇国内外有关化学镀镍老化液处理及资源回收利用的有关资料 ,综述了近年来国内外化学镀镍废液的净化处理及资源回收利用的主要技术及最新进展     

温度对桦木单板表面化学镀Ni—Cu—P三元合金的影响

利用化学镀方法在桦木单板表面沉积Ni—Cu—P三元合金,考查施镀温度对镀后单板表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镀后单板的表面形貌,利用EDS和XPS分析镀层成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析镀层的组织结构,采用直拉法测定镀层与木材表面的结合强度。结果表明:当温度从80℃升高到90℃时,镀层平均表面电阻率从0.451Ω/cm2降低至0.301Ω/cm2;继续升高温度,表面电阻率小幅升高;在90℃时,施镀单板的电磁屏蔽效能在9 k Hz~1.5 GHz频段达到55~60 d B。SEM观察发现镀层连续、致密且具有金属光泽;EDS分析可知镀层中存在Ni、Cu和P元素,XPS分析可知镀层组成为Ni、Cu、P,其质量分数分别为79.84%、11.82%和8.34%;XRD分析表明镀层为微晶态结构;镀层与木材表面结合牢固。     

miR-31-5p对山羊毛囊干细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

【目的】长江三角洲白山羊是我国及世界上唯一能生产优质笔料毛的山羊品种,课题组前期转录组测序结果表明：在优质笔料毛与非优质笔料毛个体皮肤组织中,MAP3K1的表达水平存在显著差异。探究优质笔料毛性状形成过程中与MAP3K1相互作用的关键miRNAs及其对山羊毛囊干细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,为长江三角洲白山羊的分子选育提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学网站（StrBase、miRDB、TargetScan、miRWalk、DAVID、KEGG、RNAhybrid）预测、筛选与MAP3K1具有靶向关系的miRNAs,利用在线网站Venny 2.1绘制韦恩图。通过构建miR-31-5p过表达载体,MAP3K1、RASA1野生型和突变型双荧光素酶报告基因载体,验证miR-31-5p与MAP3K1、RASA1之间的靶向关系,并结合qPCR和Western Blot技术检测过表达后miR-31-5p对MAP3K1、RASA1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响。为探究过表达miR-31-5p后对细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,分析了转染miR-31-5p后毛囊干细胞内增殖相关基因（PCNA, CDK1, CCND2）、抗凋亡基因（Bcl-2）和促凋亡基因（Bax）的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;同时结合CCK-8,EdU,流式细胞术等方法验证过表达miR-31-5p对毛囊干细胞活力、细胞周期以及凋亡的影响。【结果】通过数据库共同预测到3个可能与MAP3K1相作用的miRNAs,结合现有miRNAs在皮肤和毛囊细胞上研究,最终选用评分相对较高的miR-31-5p作为研究对象。转染miR-31-5p后检测细胞内的miR-31-5p的相对表达量,发现miR-31-5p表达含量极显著高于对照组及空白载体组（P<0.01）;双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示过表达miR-31-5p可促使MAP3K1活性升高（P<0.01）,结合TargetScan、KEGG数据库预测发现miR-31-5p可靶向MAPK信号通路中位于MAP3K1的上游抑制因子RASA1。过表达miR-31-5p抑制了RASA1的活性（P<0.01）;同时,qPCR及Western Blot表明：过表达miR-31-5p后显著抑制RASA1的mRNA和蛋白表达,促进了MAP3K1的表达（P<0.01）。CCK-8结果显示过表达miR-31-5p后提高了细胞增殖能力（P<0.01）,通过EdU染色发现过表达miR-31-5p后,EdU阳性细胞率显著高于空白组（P<0.01）,促进细胞增殖;细胞周期数据说明过表达miR-31-5p后, G1/G0期细胞所占比例为52.23%,显著低于Control组（56.81%,P<0.01）,减缓了G1/G0期细胞阻滞,而S期和G2/M期差异不显著,但仍有上升趋势。通过细胞凋亡试验发现过表达miR-31-5p组活细胞率为93.8%,总凋亡率为4.9%,而空白组活细胞率仅为90.1%,总凋亡率为8.41%,说明在过表达miR-31-5p后细胞凋亡率明显下降（P<0.05）;最后检测miR-31-5p对增殖和凋亡相关基因的影响,发现过表达miR-31-5p后显著提高了增殖相关基因、抗凋亡基因（Bcl-2）的mRNA和蛋白表达水平（P<0.05）,降低了促凋亡基因（Bax）的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。最终根据所研究出的结果绘制miR-31-5p在毛囊干细胞中的分子作用机制图。【结论】 miR-31-5p通过靶向抑制MAPK信号通路中的RASA1,上调MAP3K1表达水平,进而促进毛囊干细胞增殖并抑制其凋亡,为进一步阐明调控长江三角洲白山羊优质笔料毛性状的分子形成机制提供理论依据。     

Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella highly resistant to Bacillusthuringiensis Cry1Ac contains a three times larger amount of glucosinolate sulfatase which binds to Cry1Ac compared to that of susceptible strain

Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella strain PXR which is resistant to Cry1Ac was biochemically characterized relative to the susceptible PXS strain. The midgut juice of PXR (PXR-Juice) was shown to process Cry1Ac protoxin to 60 kDa active toxin with the same processing pattern as that of juice from PXS (PXS-Juice) in SDS–PAGE. PXS larvae which were given the Cry1Ac toxin pre-processed with PXR-Juice were killed with the same rate as that with Cry1Ac pre-activated by trypsin. PXR-Juice was found to contain three times larger amount of 66 kDa protein (P66) than PXS-Juice and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of P66 was matched to that of glucosinolate sulfatase in data base search. The protein band of P66 was coincided with the band of p-nitro phenyl sulfatase activity in zymogram. P66 purified to homogeneity in SDS-PAGE bound to Cry1Ac and soybean agglutinin, and K_D for Cry1Ac was estimated to be 718 nM with surface plasmon resonance analysis. Using purified sulfatase, K_m and V_max were estimated and involvement of the enzyme in the PXR resistance was discussed.