Intestinal microbiota differentially affect brush border enzyme activity and gene expression in the neonatal gnotobiotic pig

To study microbial influence on intestinal development pertaining to nutrient digestion, two separate gnotobiotic experiments were performed, each with 16 piglets allocated to four treatment groups: germfree (GF), monoassociation with Escherichia coli, monoassociation with Lactobacillus fermentum or conventionalization with faecal bacteria (CV). Enzyme activity and gene expression of lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and aminopeptidase N (APN) were measured in isolated enterocytes, harvested on day 14, using specific substrates and quantitative PCR respectively. Enterocytes of CV pigs had reduced APN activity, but had increased gene expression relative to GF, making the specific activity:mRNA (A:G) ratio dramatically lower (p < 0.05). Similarly, LPH A:G ratio was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in enterocytes of CV pigs as compared with GF. The results of co‐incubation of L. fermentum, E. coli and faecal bacteria with APN indicate a direct relationship between enzyme inactivation and specific A:G ratio in enterocytes. We conclude that enterocyte up‐regulation of APN expression occurs as either a direct response to microbial colonization or as a feedback mechanism in response to reduced enzyme activity through microbial degradation. This mechanism may play a role in ensuring effective competition of the host with the intestinal microbiota for available nutrients.     

化学镀镍-铜-镍导电涤纶织物的性能研究

通过化学镀镍和化学镀铜组合工艺制备了电磁屏蔽导电涤纶织物,镀层由镍/铜/镍三层金属层组成.重点研究了镀层重量和织物型号等因素对镀层抗氧化能力、电磁屏蔽效能的影响.结果表明:镍作为铜镀层防护层,其上量越多,抗腐蚀和氧化能力越强.铜金属上量越多,表而电阻越小,电磁屏蔽效果越好,当铜上量约20g·cm~(-2)时,表面电阻显著下降.另外织物的编制密度对电磁屏蔽效能也有影响,编制密度越大,电磁屏蔽效能略有上升.     

弹簧垫圈断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验和断口分析等方法对弹簧垫圈的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:该弹簧垫圈热处理时产生淬火裂纹,镀锌时氢原子在裂纹尖端偏聚,这两种因素的共同作用导致弹簧垫圈在装配预紧过程中发生脆性断裂。     

变间距梳刷式枸杞采收装置优化设计与试验

为实现枸杞机械化采收,提高枸杞采摘的采净率、降低损伤率,提出一种在沟槽凸轮的引导下,压板迫使骨架侧向张开,进而调节梳刷指间距的设计方案。通过对枸杞自然特征和物理参数测量分析,建立了梳刷指变间距控制部件的数学模型,并利用Matlab对其关键零件进行结构设计优化。以宁杞1号为研究对象,设计多参数变量的正交试验,以采净率和损伤率作为评价指标,得到对采摘效果影响程度由大到小的梳刷指参数依次为弹簧钢长度、指间距、弹簧钢直径;最佳的梳刷指参数组合为:指间距为8 mm、弹簧钢长度为45 mm、弹簧钢直径为1.1 mm。在宁夏农科院枸杞研究所进行实地采收试验,结果表明:采净率为90%,损伤率为8.41%,满足枸杞采收的工作要求。     

黔西南州烤烟种植保险的实践、存在问题与对策

烤烟作为一种经济农作物与其他作物一样,受自然气候影响较大,属于风险产业之一,近些年,烤烟生产受台风、低温、冰雹、霜冻、旱灾等极端天气和病虫害的影响,建立完善的烤烟种植风险保障体系势在必行。总结了黔西南州烤烟种植保险的实践与作用,分析了实践过程中存在的问题,提出了植烟保险进一步完善发展的对策建议。     

纳米SiC沉积量对化学复合镀层耐磨性影响

采用单因素试验方法,分别研究了表面活性剂、施镀温度、镀液pH值、转子转速、镀液中纳米粉体浓度5个因素对纳米SiC在Ni-P基化学复合镀层中沉积量的影响规律。结果表明:同时添加阴离子和非离子做表面活性剂,镀液温度达到(90±1)℃,pH值为5±0.5,机械搅拌转子转速为60 r/min,镀液中纳米粉体的浓度为35g/L时,镀层中能够沉积更多纳米粒子;而镀液中纳米粉体浓度为4.5g/L时,复合镀层的相对耐磨性较好。该工艺可用于农业机械关键工作零件表面强化。     

自吸式复合滚筒稻麦割前脱粒装置的设计

传统联合收获机的收获工艺大多是全喂入方式,采用先切割后脱粒,易造成堵塞、脱粒不净及谷粒难以分离等现象,使收获的工作效率受到一定限制,且存在机器体积大、制造成本高、功率消耗大等缺点。自吸式复合滚筒稻麦割前脱粒装置采用先脱粒后切割方式,在喂入口产生大气负压力,将稻麦穗头吸入脱粒装置内对吸入的穗头进行梳刷摘穗,摘下的穗头经过弓齿、钩齿与栅格式凹板筛进行2次梳刷与揉搓脱粒,同时穗头在随脱粒滚筒旋转时与脱粒滚筒筛表面纹理发生摩擦,进行辅助脱粒。     

便携式割灌机U型手柄的人机工程学优化研究

该文通过模拟实验,研究了便携式割灌机Ｕ型手柄人机几何界面参数对操作者主观施力的影响。人机几何界面参数包括:U型手柄宽度,操作者至左右握持点连线的垂直距离,握持点距操作者站台的高度3个参数。结果表明,手柄宽度、握持点距身体的前后距离以及握持点距站台的高度对水平横向操作力的影响都很显著。手柄宽度与身高具有很好的线性关系,相关系数为0.975。研究结果为U型手柄割灌机以及相关类型的机械设计提供了人机工程学设计依据。      

Effects of Polybrominated Diphenol Ethers from a Marine Sponge Phyllospongia dendyi on IL-8 Production in a PMA-stimulated Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line

The effects of five polybrominated diphenol ethers from a Marine Sponge, Phyllospongia dendyi, on the relative plating efficiencies in V79 cells and the cell proliferation and IL-8 production in PMA-stimulated HL-60 cells were examined. Three compounds, possessing two phenol units, were reported to inhibit the assembly of microtubule proteins and showed the inhibition of colony formation of V79 cells and increase in IL-8 production. Interestingly, a monomethoxy compound exhibited the stronger activity than the three active compounds in both bioassays. This compound did not inhibit the assembly of microtubule proteins. A dimethoxy compound was not active in either bioassays. In these experimental conditions, the biological activities were not high, but in future, these compounds will be expected to be made stronger by structural modifications.     

Copper metallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics via intermediate polyaniline layers

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics were metallized through electroless plating of copper. The copper plating was performed on palladium-decorated polyaniline surfaces, and polyaniline was present as an intermediate layer on fabrics to facilitate palladium formation. Different oxidation states of polyaniline were tested in their efficacy in Pd (II) reduction and subsequent Cu plating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to monitor the surface changes along the metallization procedure, and surface resistance was measure to probe the electrical properties of the metallized fabrics.