基于EDEM的平养育雏喂料装置设计与试验

育雏饲养将直接影响着雏禽的生长发育、成活率、成年禽的生产性能等,因此这一阶段的饲养管理是养好家禽的关键.针对平养环境下育雏饲料的自动喂料装置进行研究,采用离散元仿真和台架试验相结合的方法,以平均喂料量和在地面上的落料状态为评价指标,在行进速度为0.25 m/s下,研究槽轮转速和出料口角度对喂料均匀性和育雏料在地面上的落...     

浅谈提高贵妃鸡育雏成活率的技术措施

贵妃鸡是集观赏与肉用价值于一身的高档珍禽。该文从贵妃鸡的引种、接雏、育雏、疫病防治及病死淘汰鸡处理等几个关键环节介绍了提高育雏成活率的具体措施。     

红颈苇鹀育雏行为及雏鸟发育观察

在吉林省西部首见红颈苇鹀繁殖和育雏行为,填补了历史上该区域无繁殖的记录。观察发现,茂密的植被和陈旧的草簇构成了红颈苇鹀繁殖的要件;红颈苇巫鸟的育雏行为有明确分工,雌鸟履行孵化职责,而雄鸟则负责安全警戒,孵化期约15 d,育雏期约16 d;全天喂雏行为有差别,从清晨到上午8:00时、从下午18:00时到日落为喂食高峰期,雄鸟喂食雏鸟的次数高于雌鸟;红颈苇鹀以草籽和谷物为食,繁殖季节主要捕食昆虫;50 d左右,幼鸟完全可以自食其力。     

Characterization of ovarian morphology and reproductive hormones in Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides domesticus) during the reproductive cycle

Zhedong white goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus) is a native Chinese breed with strong broodiness and low egg production, which is related to the physiology of reproduction. However, thus far, the physiology of goose reproduction has not been well elucidated. In the present study, the ovarian morphology and reproductive hormones of Zhedong white geese were investigated during the reproductive cycle (the laying and brooding periods). The results showed that the surface of the ovary was atrophied and follicular atresia appeared to some extent in the brooding period compared with the laying period. The concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly higher than those in the brooding period (p < 0.05). In contrast, the concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the laying period were significantly lower than those in the brooding period (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of PRL, AMH, dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) were detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that AMH mRNA was expressed specifically in ovary tissue. The expression levels of DβH and PRL in the brooding period was significantly higher than those in the laying period in the three tissues, especially in the early and middle stages of the brooding period. Moreover, AMH mRNA expression in the ovaries presented the same trend. In addition, P450scc mRNA was highly expressed in both the ovary and pituitary in the laying period. These results revealed the remarkable features of ovarian morphology and characterized the hormonal pattern and expression profile during the reproductive cycle, all of which contribute to understanding the differences in reproductive physiology between the laying and brooding periods in Zhedong white geese.     

提高鹅育雏成活率的技术

雏鹅的饲养管理是养鹅中最细致的技术环节。提高维鹅成活率，重点应抓好几项技术：（１）保温降湿．在南亚热带地区，早春育雏舍内温度第１周为２５—２６℃，以后每周降２℃，至第４周为２０℃；秋季白天以常温（２４—２７℃）即可，夜间控制在２２℃（２）提供充足营养．试验结果表明，粗蛋白２０％、代谢能１２．１２ＭＪ·ｋｇ－１的饲料可满足雏鹅生长的营养需要．（３）做好疫病防治．雏鹅出壳后２４ｈ内，每只皮下注射抗小鹅瘟血清０．３ｍＬ或１％小鹅瘟疫苗０．１ｍＬ．（４）适时放牧．初次放牧时间秋天为５－７日龄，早春１０—１４日龄．（５）避鼠兽害，防止应激．在试验中严格按照上述技术进行操作，获得较好育雏成绩，成活率达９０．６％－９７．７８％．     

Study on Changeful Regularity of Different Layers Temperatures in Solid Hatchling Cages and Their Effects on Growth of Gushi Chickens

逐日测定了4层立体育雏笼不同层面温度及位于育雏笼不同层面的四组固始鸡0~4周龄生长发育情况。结果表明：4层立体育雏笼的二层温度与四层、三层及一层温度之间有极显著相关关系,其相关系数分别为0.9351、0.8895和0.7667,并建立了二层与各层温度间的回归方程。0~4周龄固始鸡在不同层面温度下体重、料重比、成活率均无显著差异,胫长在1~3周龄差异显著或极显著,第四周差异不显著,说明对固始鸡在28.5℃的低温下开始育雏是可行的。     

小鸊鷉冬季日活动节律和亲代育雏

为了分析各种行为的时间预算分配以及小(辟鸟)(?)的亲代育雏行为,2010年10月11日～2011年1月11日共93 d,以曲靖师范学院南湖的所有小(辟鸟)(?)为研究对象进行观察。结果表明,冬季日各种行为的活动时间分配分为觅食行为、游动行为、休息行为、理羽行为、争斗行为、振羽行为、飞行行为和起舞行为,所占比例依次为36.9%、30.2%、17.7%、9.7%、2.9%、1.3%、1.0%、0.4%,都呈明显的节律性变化,其中觅食行为与游动行为、休息行为与理羽行为的发生呈显著的负相关(P<0.05);起舞行为与游动行为的发生呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01)。在不同育雏期的亲鸟喂雏次数是不同的,一天中12:30～13:30时段喂食活动的频次达到最高值,各个年龄组之间的喂食频次除了第1期和第3期(每1期为10 d)相比为显著差异(P<0.05),其他各种行为都存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。随着雏鸟的成长发育,亲鸟与雏鸟的距离变化都呈现抛物线的变化,雌性亲鸟对雏鸟的保护及警戒投入多于雄性亲鸟。     

母鸡抱窝孵化小鸡技术

总结了山区农村家庭养鸡利用家养母鸡抱窝孵化小鸡技术,主要包括选择种鸡、选好种蛋、做孵化窝、入孵、照蛋、踩水、出雏等环节,以促进该技术在山区的推广。     

不同醒抱方法对抱窝鹅处理效果的对比

为了探讨不同醒抱方法在处理抱窝鹅中的使用效果,将80只抱窝母鹅随机分为4组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组),每组20只.试验Ⅰ组填服氯丙嗪,剂量为每只1片(25 mg)/d;试验Ⅱ组填服溴隐亭,剂量为每只1片(2.5 mg)/d;试验Ⅲ组填服妈富隆(去氧孕烯炔雌醇片),剂量为每只1片/d,(每片含去氧孕烯0.15 mg和炔雌醇0.03 mg),以上3组连续用药3d,第四组作为对照组,饲养在网床上进行,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组每天光照14 h,对照组光照24 h,试验期为30 d.结果表明,处理后一定时间内3个试验组的醒抱率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);醒抱处理后一定时间内3个试验组鹅的恢复开产率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组又显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).说明使用药物进行醒抱处理的效果优于传统的物理醒抱方法.