Improved hatchery‐rearing techniques for juvenile production of blue swimming crab,Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The effects of tank colour, larval stocking density, antibiotic administration and water exchange on survival and moulting of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were determined. Circular 4‐m³ experimental larval‐rearing tanks were used in triplicate for all treatments. White, dark grey, blue and brown were tested as tank background colours. The stocking densities tested were 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 larvae L^?1. The effect of oxytetracycline was estimated by comparing a treatment with oxytetracycline to a treatment without oxytetracycline administration. The daily water exchange rates tested were 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the tank volume. In all treatments, the larvae were fed with Artemia nauplii, rotifers and encapsulated Spirulina. The highest percentage survival was observed in the dark‐grey tanks when the stocking density of larvae was 20 larvae L^?1. No larva reached the juvenile crab size in white tanks. No significant difference in survival was found between treated and non‐treated larvae with oxytetracycline when the daily water exchange rate was more than 50%.     

几种双孢蘑菇菌株对稻草降解能力的研究

以蘑菇属的5个菌株为试材,采用Bavendamm显色反应、RB亮蓝平板变色反应、Eriksson变色圈试验及木质降解试验等方法,研究双孢蘑菇对稻草的降解能力。结果表明:通过Bavendamm平板和RB亮蓝平板显色试验,初步判断2796及A5,优于其它菌种,有较高的木质素降解相关酶系(木质素降解酶;木质素过氧化物酶;锰依赖过氧化物酶)活力;这2种菌种进一步通过变色圈和降解试验,表明2796为选择性降解纤维素的菌种,而A5为选择性降解木质素的菌种,但2796对木质素的降解率为39.82%,A5仅为20.91%,说明菌种对木质素的选择性降解与否与其降解率之间没有相关性。     

流动注射化学发光法测定茶叶对羟自由基的清除率

建立了Fe²⁺-H₂O₂-亚甲基蓝化学发光新体系,并用于茶叶对羟自由基（·OH）清除率的测定。实验发现,在酸性介质中,Fe²⁺和H₂O₂在线生成的·OH与亚甲基蓝反应能产生极强的化学发光,茶叶提取液可清除溶液中部分·OH,使化学发光强度降低。据此,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定茶叶对·OH清除率的化学发光新方法。对不同茶类的成茶及苦丁茶和绞股蓝茶清除·OH作用进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿茶对·OH的清除率最高,抗氧化活性最强。     

Multicentric mast cell tumors in a horse

Abstract: A 6‐year‐old female Rocky Mountain horse was presented for evaluation of draining tracts and distal limb subcutaneous edema on the left front and left hind limbs that had been present for 2 weeks. Direct smears of fluid collected by fine‐needle aspiration of subcutaneous fluid from both limbs were highly cellular with a predominance of eosinophils accompanied by numerous, moderately atypical, variably granulated mast cells. The cytologic diagnosis was mast cell tumor (MCT) with prominent eosinophilic infiltration with a differential diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. Histologic evaluation of surgical biopsies of lesions from both limbs was performed on sections stained with H&E, toluidine blue, and Luna stains. The histologic diagnosis was MCT, and staining with toluidine blue and Luna stains confirmed the presence of mast cells and eosinophils, respectively. In addition, the mast cells strongly expressed CD117. This is the first reported case of cutaneous mast cell neoplasia in a horse in which primary presenting complaints were draining tracts and distal limb subcutaneous edema involving multiple limbs. This case illustrates the utility of staining for CD117 expression in combination with traditional stains, such as toluidine blue and Luna, in differentiating MCTs from other eosinophilic lesions in horses.     

母蓝狐体况对繁殖力的影响

本文采取体重指数统计的方法 ,对不同体况母蓝狐的繁殖情况进行了比较分析 ,结果表明 :母蓝狐体况对其繁殖力有着重大影响 ,过肥或过瘦都不利于其繁殖。繁殖体况应以中等略偏下为宜。体重指数为 90～ 1 0 0 g     

呼市蔬菜公司冷藏蒜苔病害种类初步鉴定和防治处理意见

本文首次明确呼市蔬菜公司菜库在冷藏期间造成蒜苔严重腐烂和损失的主要病害种类。根据诱发产生的病原物镜检,初步鉴定主要是青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)占病斑数的33％,丝核菌(Rhizoctonia sp.) 占病斑数的30％,疫霉菌(Phytophthora sp.)占病斑数的10％,未产生病征的病斑占27％。对冷藏蒜苔发病后可能造成的危害程度和最大贮存期限的估测,提出以湿腐的流行速度和从有效积温予测的探讨。并对冷藏蒜苔控制病的发展提出了防治建议。     

Disturbances and gap dynamics in a semiarid grassland: A landscape-level approach

We developed a spatially-explicit gap dynamics simulation model to evaluate the effects of disturbances at the scale of a landscape for a semiarid grassland in northcentral Colorado, USA. The model simulates the establishment, growth, and death of individual plants on a small plot through time at an annual time step. Long-term successional dynamics on individual plots (single gaps) and on a landscape composed of a grid of plots were evaluated. Landscapes were simulated as either a collection of independent plots or as a collection of interacting plots where processes on one plot were influenced by processes on adjacent plots. Because we were interested in the recovery of the dominant plant species, the perennial grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths) after disturbances, we focused on scale-dependent processes, such as seed dispersal, that are important to the recruitment of individuals of B. gracilis. The type of simulated landscape was important to the recovery time of B. gracilis after a disturbance. Landscapes composed of independent plots recovered more rapidly following a disturbance than landscapes composed of interacting plots in which the recovery time was dependent on the spatial scale of the disturbance.     

Physicochemical,Nutritional and In Vitro Antidiabetic Characterisation of Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) Protein Hydrolysates

Protein hydrolysates from low-value underutilised fish species are potential sources of high-quality dietary protein and health enhancing peptides. Six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BW-SPH-A_F), generated at industrial scale using different hydrolysis conditions, were assessed in terms of their protein equivalent content, amino acid profile and score and physicochemical properties in addition to their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and stimulate the secretion of insulin from BRIN-BD11 cells. Furthermore, the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) on the stability of the BW-SPHs and their associated in vitro antidiabetic activity was investigated. The BW-SPHs contained between 70–74% (w/w) protein and all essential and non-essential amino acids. All BW-SPHs mediated DPP-IV inhibitory (IC₅₀: 2.12–2.90 mg protein/mL) and insulin secretory activity (2.5 mg/mL; 4.7 to 6.4-fold increase compared to the basal control (5.6 mM glucose alone)). All BW-SPHs were further hydrolysed during SGID. While the in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory and insulin secretory activity mediated by some BW-SPHs was reduced following SGID, the activity remained high. In general, the insulin secretory activity of the BW-SPHs were 4.5–5.4-fold higher than the basal control following SGID. The BW-SPHs generated herein provide potential for anti-diabetic related functional ingredients, whilst also enhancing environmental and commercial sustainability.     

Northern Blot and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of HMOX1 Expression in Blue- and Brown-shelled Chickens

HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.