品牌兴牧战略研究——以肉鸡产业为例

实施肉鸡产业品牌发展战略是振兴肉鸡产业的重要着力点。文章梳理并总结了肉鸡产业品牌发展的总体情况和发展趋势,分析了我国肉鸡产业品牌发展存在六方面问题:肉鸡市场行情周期性明显,产品品质难鉴别,权威、统一的行业标准缺乏,品牌战略和品牌经营理念不足,消费者认知存在偏差,行业宣传不到位。基于以上分析,文章从保护地方优良品种品牌、建立以行业协会为基础的统一宣传策略、积极扶持中小型企业开展地方特色品牌经营、建立由政府或行业协会主导的品牌或质量认证体系四个方面,提出我国肉鸡产业品牌发展的对策建议。     

硒和维生素E对氧化应激肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在评估添加硒和维生素E对氧化应激肉鸡生长性能和肉品质影响。选用1日龄Cobb500肉鸡雏200只,随机分为4个处理。处理1饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理2、3、4分别在基础日粮中添加Se0.20mg/kg、VE200mg/kg、Se0.20mg/kg+VE200mg/kg。从16日龄开始,每处理随机分为两组,一组腹部皮下注射Dexamethasone(DEX)3mg/kg体重,隔日注射三次(16、18、20日龄),另一组注射等量生理盐水。结果显示:氧化应激极显著降低了肉鸡日采食量和日增重(P<0.01),添加VE显著提高了氧化应激肉鸡日增重(P<0.05),而添加Se略有提高(P>0.05);氧化应激显著降低了宰后45min和24h肌肉pH值(P<0.05),添加Se和VE有提高氧化应激肉鸡胸肌pH值的趋势(P>0.05);氧化应激显著降低肌肉系水力(P<0.05),而添加Se可显著提高氧化应激肉鸡的肌肉系水力(P<0.05),添加VE有提高氧化应激肉鸡系水力的趋势(P>0.05)。氧化应激对肉鸡后期(22~42日龄)生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究结果揭示DEX诱导的氧化应激会导致鸡生长性能及肉品质显著降低,在日粮中添加硒和维生素E能在一定程度上缓解氧化应激的影响。     

Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one‐day‐old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti‐bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.     

木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、胴体成分及血液指标的影响

文章旨在研究玉米-小麦-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶对1～42 d肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、胴体成分及血液指标的影响。试验选择健康、体重一致的1日龄Cobb肉仔鸡800只,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复80只。对照组饲喂玉米-小麦-豆粕型日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮添加2000 U/g木聚糖酶+800 U/g葡聚糖酶,试验分为3个阶段,1～14 d,15～28 d和29～42 d。与对照组相比,酶制剂组显著提高了28～42 d肉鸡能量和蛋白质利用率(P <0.05),显著降低了平均日采食量、日增重和料重比(P <0.05)。对于试验全期,酶制剂组显著提高了1～42 d肉鸡能量和粗蛋白质利用率(P <0.05),同时显著降低了平均日采食量、日增重和料重比(P <0.05)。酶制剂组较对照组显著提高了肉鸡的屠宰率和腿肌率(P <0.05)。对照组与酶制剂组对肉鸡胴体干物质、脂肪和灰分含量的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。日粮添加复合酶较对照组显著提高了28和42 d肉鸡血液T3的含量(P <0.05),显著降低了42 d肉鸡血液T4的含量(P <0.05),同时酶制剂组较对照组显著提高了42 d肉鸡血液葡萄糖的浓度(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,酶制剂组显著降低了28和42 d肉鸡血液尿酸含量(P <0.05),显著提高了14和42 d肉鸡血液甘油三酯含量(P <0.05)。综上所述,1～42 d肉鸡日粮添加2000 U/g木聚糖酶和800 U/g葡聚糖酶可以显著改善料肉比,提高屠宰性能,可改变血液中甲状腺激素和部分代谢物的浓度,但对胴体成分影响不大。     

规模化肉鸡养殖中经济效益的提升策略分析

改革开放以来,我国肉鸡饲养量逐年提升,肉鸡饲养向着集约化规模化发展。要想提高肉鸡养殖的经济效益,从鸡场建设到上鸡前的准备都十分重要,同时要特别注意养殖过程中运用科学高效的饲养管理方法,注重鸡群保健及免疫工作。此外,还要做好鸡场人员的管理和培训工作,注意市场行情变化。只有将所有细节都做到位,才能使养殖的经济效益最大化。     

植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳酸化合物酶对肉鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响

文章旨在研究低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳水化合物酶对1~21 d肉鸡生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验选择1日龄肉仔鸡576只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共分为6种日粮,阳性对照组日粮(正常钙磷水平)、阴性对照日粮(低磷、低钙)、阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶。试验共开展21 d。结果显示:阳性对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶较单独添加植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重(P<0.05);植酸酶+碳水化合物酶较阴性对照组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05)。阳性对照组较阴性对照组显著提高肉鸡胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05);植酸酶组显著提高了总磷、有效磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05),同时植酸酶组添加柠檬酸或碳水化合物酶进一步提高了总磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05)。阴性对照组添加植酸酶显著提高了表观代谢能及干物质、总能、氮和总磷的表观沉积量(P<0.05),而植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶提高了干物质和总磷表观沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶和碳水化合物酶改善了肉鸡生长性能、提高了营养物质的消化率和沉积量,而植酸酶日粮添加柠檬酸可以改善营养物质消化率和沉积量。     

饲料中添加乳酸菌固态制剂对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响

为探讨乳酸菌固态制剂对三黄肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的3周龄三黄肉鸡600只随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复50只,1组饲喂基础日粮为空白对照,2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的乳酸菌固态制剂,试验期为21 d。在试验结束时测定三黄肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能指标IgG、IgA、IgM、新城疫(ND)抗体效价。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组的平均日采食量(ADFI)均高于1组(P> 0.05),试验3、4组的平均日增重(ADF)分别较1组提高10.56%、8.52%(P <0.05),料重比(F/G)分别较1组降低16.30%、12.82%(P <0.05)。(2)试验3、4组的血清中IgG、ND抗体效价分别较1组提高35.58%、34.29%、25.36%、21.73%(P <0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中IgM、IgA含量均高于1组(P> 0.05)。综上,在基础日粮中添加1.5%乳酸菌固态制剂可以提高三黄肉鸡生长性能和免疫机能。     

Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of finishing broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of broilers. One thousand four hundred and forty 22‐day‐old Lingnan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to five different stocking density groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds per m²). Each group consisted of three replicates. The results showed that 8 and 10 birds/m² groups had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the others (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀) in the group of 16 birds/m² had the highest levels (p < 0.05). The group of 16 birds/m² had the lowest total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activities in blood serum (p < 0.05), and significantly increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) concentration compared to the groups of 8 and 10 birds/m² (p < 0.05). In liver, the group of eight birds/m² had higher T‐AOC levels than that of 12, 14, and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05) and also higher catalase (CAT) activities than that of 14 and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05); the group of 10 birds/m² had the highest T‐SOD activities among all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the above results suggest that stocking density of broilers up to 8 or 10 birds/m² can prevent the negative effects on growth performance and welfare parameters in broilers.