肉鸡腹水综合症的预防与治疗

肉鸡腹水综合症从临床症状、剖检变化、发病原因等方面进行了分析,提出了预防措施和具体的治疗方案,以供相关人员参考。     

不同时期添加甜菜碱对肉鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响

36 0只 1日龄健康艾维茵 (Avian)肉鸡随机分为 6组 (每组 6 0只 ) ,分别为对照组和第 、 、 、 、 组 ,试验期7周。第 ～ 组分别于不同时期添加同一剂量的甜菜碱 (10 0 0 mg/ kg,0 .1% ) ,添加时间依次为 1～ 7周 ,2～ 4周 ,3～ 5周 ,4～ 6周 ,5～ 7周。结果表明 :不同时期添加甜菜碱均能促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,与对照组相比 ,第 、 、 、 、 组 7周末体质量分别高出 8.0 1% (P<0 .0 1)、5 .0 1% (P<0 .0 5 )、4 .4 7% (P<0 .0 5 )、2 .2 4 % (P>0 .0 5 )、2 .0 9% (P>0 .0 5 ) ;腹脂率分别降低 19.5 6 % (P<0 .0 1)、6 .0 9% (P<0 .0 5 )、13.4 8% (P<0 .0 1)、15 .6 5 % (P<0 .0 1)、12 .17% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;第 组体质量在第 3、4周末超过第 组 ,从 6周龄开始 ,各组间体质量差异逐渐缩小 ;试验组皮脂厚度 ,胸、腿肌中甘油三酯含量较对照组有不同程度增加 (厚 ) ,但肝脏中甘油三酯含量各试验组均低于对照组 ;血清生化指标动态变化呈现一定的规律性 ,其中血清总蛋白含量较稳定 ,总氨基酸含量随周龄逐渐升高 ,甘油三酯 5～ 6周高于 1～ 3周 ,游离脂肪酸含量随周龄呈下降趋势 ,血清尿酸呈现缓 U型变化曲线。结论 :(1)不同时期添加 0 .1%甜菜碱可促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,引起体内脂肪重新分     

Influence of in ovo inoculation with various nutrients and egg size on broiler performance

This study evaluated the influence of inoculation of different nutrients into eggs of 18-d-old broiler embryos. On d 18 of incubation, before transferring, eggs were injected with a solution containing either maltose, a multivitamin supplement, zinc-glycine, glutamine, a mixture containing all these elements, or sodium chloride (control). After hatching, 2,400 male broiler chicks were placed in an experimental broiler house and distributed into 60 floor pens in a completely randomized design comprising a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 egg weights × 6 solutions), for a total of 12 treatments. Birds and feed consumption were measured weekly. At 42 d of age, 3 birds per replicate pen were randomly selected for processing. Birds derived from heavier eggs had greater hatchability and hatching weight. At 42 d of age, birds from heavier eggs had higher BW, carcass weight, and breast meat weight. The livability of birds derived from heavy eggs was higher at 7 and 14 d of age. The in ovo inoculation of the nutrients to 18-d-old embryos did not influence live performance or carcass traits. The technique of in ovo inoculation of certain nutrients may be used in industrial poultry production, but further studies are required to define the best solutions or mixture of nutrients to be used.     

枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对平养和笼养肉鸡的影响研究

 将240只1日龄罗斯308（ROSS 308）肉仔鸡，按照饲养方式（地面平养和笼养）以及添加枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素与否（替代和不替代）分为4个处理组（1组：抗生素地面平养组；2组：抗生素笼养组；3组：枯草芽孢杆菌地面平养组；4组：枯草芽孢杆菌笼养组），进行42 d的饲养试验。结果显示：试验全期，肉鸡末体重和饲料/增重比指标，4组显著优于（P<0.05）1组，2组和3组之间无差异（P>0.05）。21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清生化指标分析显示：4组肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于1组；且血清尿酸浓度4组小于1组；而2组和3组之间所有血清测定指标均无差异。以上结果证明，无论是地面平养还是笼养方式，枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能均有良好效果，其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率.     

高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响

本文研究了高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响。结果表明：经历３２ ℃一周的５ ～８ 周龄肉鸡采食量、增重、饲料转化率均显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，饮服复合抗应激剂显著改善增重和饲料转化率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ， 采食量未见明显改变，饲料转化率达到常温水平。３２ ℃１６ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、Ｔ４ 显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；３２ ℃１２０ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 升高并超出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、Ｔ４ 较１６ 小时下降但仍高出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。饮服复合抗应激剂时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 、Ｔ４ 显现相同变化规律，但这种变化得到显著缓解     

海拨高度与肉鸡腹水征的相关性研究

选择云南省海拔高度76．4m～3200m不同的5个地、县自然发生的肉鸡腹水综合征（ASB）与同品种的健康鸡进行对比研究。结果证实，同品种肉鸡喂同种饲料并在相同的饲养管理条件下，无论在低海拔地区还是高海拔地区发病相同，肉鸡腹水综合征的发生与海拔高低无关。     

The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance,glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens

Normal or elevated selenium status of broilers, which is influenced by dietary selenium sources, improves the bird’s ability to overcome the adverse effects of reactive oxygen metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of peroxidized poultry fat on blood and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and hepatic glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens fed either inorganic sodium selenite (SEL) or organic selenium enriched in the organic selenium yeast product Sel-Plex (SP). Nine starter diets, varying in levels of oxidized fat (0, 3, and 6 mEq/kg) and dietary selenium sources, were fed to 360 male chicks from hatch to 21 d of age. Sel-Plex or SEL was added to the basal diet to provide either 0 or 0.2 ppm of supplemental selenium in the diets. Blood and hepatic samples were obtained for each treatment group at 21 d of age. Neither peroxidized fat nor selenium source significantly altered the activity of hepatic glutathione reductase (P ≤ 0.05). Blood GSH-Px was influenced significantly by both fat and selenium source (P ≤ 0.05), but the fat × selenium source interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.3). A selenium source effect on the hepatic GSH-Px activity (P ≤ 0.05) was evidenced by higher GSH-Px activity, even in the basal diet with no added peroxidized fat. An increase in GSH-Px activity was seen in the erythrocyte and hepatic samples in both the SEL and SP treatments when peroxidized fat was given at 3 mEq/kg, but in the erythrocytes and in the hepatic tissues from SEL-supplemented birds, there was an apparent inhibition of GSH-Px activity. This inhibition was not seen in the hepatic tissue samples from SP-fed birds. Because elevated GSH-Px activity is indicative of oxidative stress, it was concluded that dietary SP supplementation resulted in better selenium and redox status in broilers than did SEL. These results indicate that the dietary selenium supplied in an organic form (selenium yeast as SP) improved the selenium and redox status in broilers, leading to greater resistance to oxidative stress than when the inorganic form of selenium (SEL) was fed.