中国杨树上的栅锈菌

杨树锈病是一类重要的林木病害,因其病原菌的种类较多,且病害症状及病原形态上的差异不够明显,导致栅锈菌种类鉴定混乱和病原准确认知困难。在分析国内外栅锈菌分类学历史与现状的基础上,从杨树栅锈菌的形态学及系统学2个方面对中国杨树上的栅锈菌种类进行整理,并详细阐述8种栅锈菌在寄主及转主寄主、繁殖体及孢子形态上的差异,编制中国杨树栅锈菌的分种检索表,以期加深对该病原菌的科学认知。     

TaSPX3基因VIGS沉默表达降低小麦对叶锈病(Puccinia recondite f. sp. tritici)的抗性

为挖掘TaSPX3基因在小麦抗叶锈病中的作用,本研究以前期对叶锈菌感染的小麦转录组数据分析发现的TaSPX3基因受到叶锈菌侵染诱导表达为依据,利用BSMV-VIGS系统沉默中国春和郑麦9023中的TaSPX3基因,利用qRT-PCR技术进一步分析小麦抗病相关基因的转录水平。结果发现TaSPX3基因沉默后,小麦叶锈菌感染加重,降低了小麦对叶锈病的抗性;同时,对侵染过程抗病相关基因转录检测发现,抗病相关基因PR2和CAT的表达水平显著下调。本研究表明TaSPX3基因可能通过调控PR2和CAT基因的表达参与小麦对叶锈病的抗性。     

土默特平原青杨叶锈病的初步研究

青杨叶锈病是土默特地区杨树发生的一种重要病害。病原为落叶松-杨栅锈菌。该病菌[0][Ⅰ]阶段专主寄生在落叶松上,[Ⅱ][Ⅲ]阶段寄生在青杨上。该病在土默特地区8~9月开始发病,病害发生比较严重,幼林发病较成林早、重;林内发病较林外重。     

Genetic resistance to and effect of leaf rust and powdery mildew on yield and its components in 50 soft red winter wheat cultivars

Effects of leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici Eriks.) and powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal], on performance of 50 soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars were evaluated under natural field conditions. Widely grown cultivars released from 1919 to 2009 with varying disease resistance were grown in split-plot experiments in 2010 and 2011. Treated replications received seed treatments of triadimenol, captan and imidacloprid and foliar applications of propiconazole and prothioconazole + tebucanazole fungicides. Non-treated replications received only tebucanazole + metalaxyl + imazalil seed treatments. Final mean disease severity, agronomic, yield-related traits, yield components and spike characteristics were analyzed to determine individual and combined effects of leaf rust and powdery mildew on the cultivars. Yield losses as high as 54% were observed in the susceptible cultivar Red May. Average yield losses ranged from 1% to 21%. Yield losses primarily due to powdery mildew were as high as 14%, and losses primarily due to leaf rust were as high as 33%. Powdery mildew had the largest negative correlation with harvest index and seeds/spike. Leaf rust was most negatively correlated with plant biomass and harvest index, with a less consistent negative relationship with kernel weight.     

甘肃陇南越夏区小麦抗条锈病育种研究进展

甘肃陇南是中国小麦条锈菌最大、最重要的越夏区,条锈病是发生于该区域小麦生产上最主要的病害,持续不断的培育和种植抗病品种是防治该病最绿色、经济的措施。为了持续控制该区域的条锈病、保障粮食安全,总结了自1995年以来甘肃陇南小麦抗条锈病育种成效,分析了存在的问题,提出了强化优异抗条锈病种质资源材料的评价、挖掘、创新与利用;强化生物育种技术的应用;强化抗病品种(基因)布局等建议。     

小麦慢条锈品种鉴定及筛选

对37份国内小麦品种（系）进行了成株期慢条锈鉴定,结果表明,兰天20号等6份材料具有高度慢条锈特性,陇原932等6份材料具有中度慢条锈特性,阜麦16等5份材料具有低度慢条锈特性,石麦11等5份材料具有中度快条锈特性,洮157等15份材料具有高度快条锈特性,同时对慢条锈品种田间判别方法及其研究利用进行了探讨。     

华山松孢锈病研究概述

该文对华山松疱锈病的分布与危害、发病规律、发病机制、防治措施等的研究现状、研究进展等做了综述性介绍。     

大豆锈病与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的初步研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，研究了大豆锈病不同严重度、离病斑中心不同距离，以及抗感锈病不同品种接种后病程与过氧化物酶同工酶的关系，结果表明：发病不同严重度（Ｉ￣Ⅲ级）比对照（未接种０级）酶谱带多１￣２条，活性由大到小依次为Ⅱ级〉Ｉ级〉Ⅲ级〉０级；离病斑中心越近酶带越多，且酶活性越强；随着接种时间的推迟（０￣３２小时）过氧化物酶带数增多，酶活性增强；抗病品种与感病品种接种后相同时间进行比较，抗病品种比感     

Changes in Frequency of Plants Resistant to Barley Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia hordei Otth. in a Barley Composite Cross Population

The response of barley Composite Cross XLI to selection for resistance to leaf rust was evaluated. Representative samples from eight cycles of recurrent selection were inoculated with an isolate of Puccinia bordei Otth. in both the seedling and adult plant stage. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 days after inoculation. The resistance in CC XLI increased with selection in the seedling stage from 15.1 to 20.5 %, and in the adult plant stage from 20.5 to 37.5 %, respectively. The largest gains in resistance were observed in the earlier cycles of recurrent selection. Significant fluctuations in percent resistant plants occurred between the years.     

菜豆抗锈育种的抗源筛选和抗病基因分析

通过对国内外引进的162个品种的田间自然发病调查和苗期接种鉴定,筛选出抗病型品种37个,中抗型21个,中感型60个,感病型44个.抗锈型品种中大多数是从国外引进且多属于矮生类型,其中少数矮生品种可直接用于生产,其余品种虽园艺性状不佳、但仍可作为蔓生菜豆育种的抗源亲本.抗病基因分析结果表明,抗锈性受一对基因控制且为显性.F_2代抗与感分离,经x~2测定完全符合3:1比例.本文对抗锈育种目标、苗期接种鉴定方法及用纯系小种作基因分析等进行了讨论.