Variation of grain iron content in a local upland rice germplasm from the village of Huai Tee Cha in northern Thailand

Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., is a major fungal disease of cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) in Tunisia. Six landrace oats (M_tK₂, JT₅, BJ₃₅, GT₁, ZN₃ and JT₀) locally collected and previously screened for their relative oat crown rust resistance were used in this experiment. These accessions were evaluated during a two cropping season in field plots under heavy natural oat crown rust infection. Assessment criteria to crown rust reactions were AUDPC, latent period, uredinia size and number of uredinia per cm² of infected leaf area. Principal components analysis showed that the variables were grouped in two components. These two principal components explained 83.56% of the total variance. The projection of the point-cloud representing the populations on the plan formed by the principal components ‘Fact 1’ (63.83%), in abscissa, and ‘Fact 2’ (19.73%) in ordinate, permitted to distribute the accessions in several groups. Three landrace oats (M_tK₂, JT₅, and JT₀) showed the lowest value of all the components used. These landrace oats might be good sources of effective and durable resistance to crown rust.     

冬小麦抗条锈新品种兰天21号选育报告

冬小麦新品种兰天21号是兰州商学院小麦研究所以品系85-173-4为母本、抗源材料保丰6号为父本杂交选育而成.在2004-2006年天水市和甘肃省陇南片半山组区域试验中,两年平均折合产量5 534.3 kg/hm2,较对照品种咸农4号增产16.04%.2005-2006年度山旱地生产示范平均产量5 250.0～8 443.5 kg/hm2,表现丰产性好.经甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所对条锈菌的接种鉴定,苗期对混合菌中抗至中感,成株期对条中29号、条中31号、条中32号和致病类型水4、水7、水14均免疫,对混合菌免疫至中抗,中抗白粉病.籽粒含粗蛋白14.62%、赖氨酸0.64%.适宜在陇南的半山区、塬区和高海拔旱川地种植.     

华山松孢锈病研究概述

该文对华山松疱锈病的分布与危害、发病规律、发病机制、防治措施等的研究现状、研究进展等做了综述性介绍。     

花蓟马与向日葵籽粒锈斑发生的关系

向日葵是我国重要的油料经济作物,籽粒锈斑近几年在向日葵籽粒上发生,严重影响向日葵籽粒的品质,然而关于向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因目前并不清楚。本文在内蒙古向日葵主产区,选择向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重的区域,通过大田套袋技术并结合室内接虫试验,对向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因进行初步探索。结果表明,2020年五原县、乌拉特前旗及2021年五原县向日葵经套袋处理后,花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom的数量分别比对照降低了13.23、1.33头和191.53头,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率比对照(未套袋)相应降低了28.19%、12.07%和60.02%,与对照有极显著差异(P<0.01),花蓟马数量与向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率呈现出显著的正相关关系。同时,室内在向日葵花盘上接种花蓟马后向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率为22.67%,而未接虫的向日葵籽粒锈斑没有发病。另外,统计显示向日葵花盘外侧花蓟马数量显著大于中间和内层,向日葵籽粒锈斑发病率也呈现相同的规律。由此推测,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发生主要与花蓟马的活动有关,花蓟马可能是造成向日葵籽粒锈斑的主要成因。     

冬小麦条锈病生理变化及其遥感机理

对不同处理条件下的冬小麦条锈病进行 (病情指数 ) (DI)调查 ,并进行同步的光谱测定及田间取样 ,在室内测试了对病情指数有重要影响的几个参数因子 ,叶绿素含量及上叶含水量 ,并且将其与光谱反射率进行统计分析。研究结果表明 ,这些参数因子与反射率数据在 5 5 0～ 70 0和 70 0～ 1160nm范围内与DI有着相似的高相关性 ,说明条锈病害的DI变化可以通过叶绿素含量、上叶含水量参数直接的变化在光谱上得到响应 ,从而证明遥感监测DI是可行的 ,同时解释了遥感监测机理。选出与叶绿素含量、上叶含水量相关性最强的波段与DI作多元回归 ,建立的模型能很好地反演冬小麦条锈病的病情指数 ,正确率达到 75 %以上     

Puccinia psidii in Queensland,Australia: disease symptoms,distribution and impact

Puccinia psidii has long been considered a significant threat to Australian plant industries and ecosystems. In April 2010, P. psidii was detected for the first time in Australia on the central coast of New South Wales (NSW). The fungus spread rapidly along the east coast and in December 2010 was found in Queensland (Qld) followed by Victoria a year later. Puccinia psidii was initially restricted to the southeastern part of Qld but spread as far north as Mossman. In Qld, 48 species of Myrtaceae are considered highly or extremely susceptible to the disease. The impact of P. psidii on individual trees and shrubs has ranged from minor leaf spots, foliage, stem and branch dieback to reduced fecundity. Tree death, as a result of repeated infection, has been recorded for Rhodomyrtus psidioides. Rust infection has also been recorded on flower buds, flowers and fruits of 28 host species. Morphological and molecular characteristics were used to confirm the identification of P. psidii from a range of Myrtaceae in Qld and compared with isolates from NSW and overseas. A reconstructed phylogeny based on the LSU and SSU regions of rDNA did not resolve the familial placement of P. psidii, but indicated that it does not belong to the Pucciniaceae. Uredo rangelii was found to be con‐specific with all isolates of P. psidii in morphology, ITS and LSU sequence data, and host range.