饲粮添加硒化壳聚糖对蛋用种公鸡血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硒化壳聚糖对蛋用种公鸡血液指标的影响。选取196只150日龄海兰褐蛋用种公鸡,随机分为7个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复7只。将硒化壳聚糖(SC)和亚硒酸钠(SS)2种硒源分别以3个硒水平(0.4,0.8和1.2mg/kg)添加到基础饲粮中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,进行为期35d的饲养试验。结果表明:①试验组SC(0.8)的白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶和葡萄糖含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组SC(0.8)的甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组和试验组SS(0.4)、SS(1.2)(P<0.05)。②试验组SC(0.4)的生长激素和试验组SC(0.8)的类胰岛素生长因子-1含量显著高于对照组;各试验组的促肾上腺皮质激素含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。③试验组SC(0.8)的免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、T淋巴细胞转化率和试验组SC(0.4)的白介素-2含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);而在总蛋白质、胆固醇、皮质酮和免疫球蛋白M含量上与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验表明,硒源及添加水平不同均可影响蛋用种公鸡的血液生化指标及免疫性能,其中有机硒优于无机硒,以硒水平为0.8mg/kg的硒化壳聚糖效果最好。     

植物新品种培育人权益保障制度研究——以完善植物新品种保护制度为视角

强化培育人权益保障对于激发培育人科研创新积极性、打造育种自主创新社会氛围和增强中国新品种自主创新能力具有重要意义。在植物新品种保护制度完善中,结合国际趋势,确立培育人概念,重构申请权、品种权归属制度,保护培育人署名权和报酬权。     

氧化鱼油对父母代种母鸡的繁殖毒性及对子代肠道形态损伤的研究

本试验研究了日粮中氧化鱼油及抗氧化剂对父母代种母鸡繁殖性能及对后代仔鸡的影响,旨在研究父母代营养对后代的影响。200只29周龄Cobb-Avian 48父母代种母鸡分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8只鸡,种鸡日粮分别为2%新鲜鱼油(FO)组、2%氧化鱼油组(OFO)、2%OFO+100 mg.kg-1VE、2%OFO+198mg.kg-1乙氧喹(EMQ)组、2%OFO+100 mg.kg-1VE+198 mg.kg-1EMQ组,后代的仔鸡饲喂完全相同的玉米—豆粕型日粮。结果表明:(1)父母代种母鸡日粮中氧化鱼油降低了母鸡产蛋率(P0.05),入舍母鸡产蛋量(P0.05);(2)父母代种母鸡日粮中氧化鱼油降低了后代仔鸡初生体质量(P0.05);(3)父母代种母鸡日粮中各个氧化鱼油组的后代仔鸡空肠绒毛高度变短(P0.01),绒毛宽度变窄(P0.01);(4)父母代种母鸡日粮中氧化鱼油降低了后代仔鸡0～7日龄平均增加体质量(P0.01)、7日龄平均体质量(P0.05),7～14日龄的平均采食量(P0.01),14日龄平均体质量(P0.01)。结果提示,父母代种母鸡日粮中氧化鱼油具有明显的繁殖毒性,不仅降低了父母代种母鸡的繁殖性能,而且通过影响子代初生体质量以及肠道黏膜的发育,最终导致生长性能下降。     

母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

本文旨在研究母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响.试验选用低脂系肉种鸡120羽,随机分成2组,每组60个重复,每个重复1羽,即单笼饲养.在肉种鸡产蛋期产蛋率达到5%进行试验处理,试验分试验组和对照组,试验组代谢能量为对照组的80%孵化后的肉仔鸡按照母体不同能量处理各挑选健康仔鸡,在相同的试验条件下进行饲养,试验期为56 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量有降低1日龄肉仔鸡体重的趋势,对全期日增重和料重比影响不显著(P＞0.05);2)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量,胸肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著增加腿肌率(P＜0.05);3)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的pH、红度、黄度、滴水损失和蒸煮损失均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但pH、红度和黄度值有升高趋势,滴水损失和蒸煮损失有降低趋势,胸肌和腿肌剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05);4)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量显著提高后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维密度(P＜0.05),显著降低后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维直径(P＜0.05).本试验的研究结果表明:母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡的胴体品质及肉质能产生一定的影响.     

高寒山区脱毒马铃薯原原种繁殖基质筛选研究

对脱毒马铃薯原原种生产基质进行了筛选研究,结果表明用松针腐殖土作基质移栽成活率达95.1%,平均合格薯(国家标准1.0 g以上)353.7粒/m2、合格薯率90.4%,均高于泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、河沙、黄土作基质,且产量差异达显著或极显著水平。松针腐殖土可作为高寒山区特别是松针腐殖土丰富的地区生产脱毒马铃薯原原种的培养基质推广应用。     

旱养模式下饲养密度和公母配比对肉种鸭生产性能的影响

本研究旨在探讨旱养模式下不同饲养密度、不同公母配比对SM3樱桃谷种鸭生产性能的影响。选择24周龄产蛋期父母代SM3樱桃谷种鸭21600只。将试验鸭随机分为饲养密度调整为2、3、4、5、6只/m25组,每组3个重复,每个重复1200只,公母配比均为1:4.5,试验至48周龄结束。对存活率、产蛋率、种蛋合格率及42周龄种蛋受精率指标进行测定和分析,结果表明:在旱养条件下肉种鸭饲养密度以4只/m2最适宜。选择24周龄产蛋期父母代SM3樱桃谷种鸭14400只。将试验鸭随机公母配比为1:4、1:5、1:6、1:74组,每组3个重复,每个重复1200只,各组密度均为4.2只/m2,试验至65周龄结束。通过测定产蛋率、种蛋合格率和受精率,用与密度试验相同的分析方法,结果表明:1:5的公母性别比例为最佳配比。     

The Impact of Yeast Culture Residue on the Suppression of Dietary Aflatoxin on the Performance of Broiler Breeder Hens

A study was conducted to examine the effect of yeast culture residue (YCR) on the suppression of aflatoxicosis in broiler breeder hens. One hundred twenty, 35-wk-old, Cobb broiler breeder hens of the same cross were fed diets supplemented with aflatoxin (AF) (0 or 3 mg/kg) and YCR (0 or 2 lb/ton) singly and combined in a 2 × 2 factorial designed experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to pens with 3 replicates of 10 females and 1 male per treatment. Eggs laid by the hens were collected daily, stored at room temperature, and incubated every 7 d for 3 wk. Response variables analyzed were mean percentage of fertility, hatchability, hen-day egg production, egg weight, chick weight at hatch, and embryonic mortality over the 3-wk treatment period. At the end of 3-wk treatment, blood was collected from the hens and analyzed for total protein, globulin, and albumin. Aflatoxin did not negatively affect fertility. However, hen-day egg production (57.6%), percentage of hatchability (67.6%), embryonic mortality (24%), serum total protein, globulin, and albumin were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by AF. Hatch of fertile eggs from the AF-fed hens was significantly lower than the control (67.6 vs. 78.5%). The inclusion of YCR in the AF-treated diet raised the level of hatchability (74.9 vs. 67.6%), egg production (65.83 vs. 57.26%), and lowered embryonic mortality (16.8 vs. 24%). Serum globulin and albumin were lowered in the AF-fed hens but was partially restored with the addition of YCR. The data demonstrated that YCR may enhance the performance of broiler breeder hens that are provided feed contaminated with AF.     

The Effects of Dietary l-Carnitine Supplementation on Semen Traits,Reproductive Parameters,and Testicular Histology of Japanese Quail Breeders

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental dietary l-carnitine at different levels on semen traits, reproductive parameters, and testicular histology in male Japanese quail breeders. Forty-five 5-wk-old male Japanese quail breeders were fed the same basal diet that was supplemented with 0 (control), 250, or 500 mg of l-carnitine/kg of diet. There were no significant effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation at different levels on BW, feed intake, testes weight, fertility rate, hatchability rate of set and fertile eggs, and malonaldehyde production (μg/mL of semen) of male Japanese quail breeders. However, the supplementation of dietary l-carnitine at levels of 250 or 500 mg/kg to a basal diet significantly increased sperm viability and decreased multinucleated giant cells per testes in mature male Japanese quail breeders. Additional studies are required to explore the antioxidant role that l-carnitine has in Japanese quail breeders.     

酵母铬对种母鸡生产性能及繁殖性能的影响

为了研究酵母铬对种母鸡生产性能及其繁殖性能的影响,将576只50周龄海兰灰蛋用种母鸡随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复32只鸡。日粮中分别添加0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、2.0 mg/kg铬(酵母铬)。结果表明:与对照组相比日粮中添加0.4、0.8、1.0 mg/kg铬,可以显著提高蛋种鸡的产蛋率,受精率,孵化率和种蛋合格率(P<0.05)。综合分析,在处于产蛋高峰末期的种母鸡日粮中添加酵母铬有助于延长其使用时间,日粮中添加1.0 mg/kg酵母铬的效果最好。     

口服LHRH-A3对溆浦鹅种鹅产蛋性能、种蛋品质及孵化率的影响

240日龄健康溆浦鹅种鹅180羽,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复12羽,1组为注射组(每隔10 d注射LHRH-A3,10μg/羽),另外4组分别口服(拌料饲喂)0、5、10、15μg/羽LHRH-A3.经21 d预试和60 d试验,结果显示:口服10μg/羽LHRH-A3,溆浦鹅产蛋率显著提高;各口服处理组蛋品质、受精率、孵化率和健雏率无显著影响.