肉用种鸡强制换羽期的内分泌学变化

应用放射免疫分析法，测定７３－７６周龄红宝肉用种鸡断换羽期外周血清中甲状腺素，同醇，雌二醇和促黄体素的分泌水平。结果；Ｅ２和ＬＨ分泌水平在断料的第７，１３，２１，２５ｄ分别降低８．５％，２４．１％，２５．８％，２２．４％和５．７，１０．６％，９．９％，１８．４％，证实Ｅ２和ＬＨ分泌水平的降低与卵巢中卵泡的退化相。     

Selection strategies to reduce invasive potential in introduced plants

Summary The crop domestication process is examined from plant collection to product release for various junctures at which deliberate breeding, selection, and crop transformation may occur to prevent invasive potential. Four primary juncture opportunities for research on techniques and development of selection procedures for non-invasiveness include: The Plant Exploration Phase, Initial Trial Phase, Fast-Tracking Phase, Selection and Improvement Phase. Avoiding the collection of germplasm that appears weedy during plant exploration is an obvious, yet cost-effective way to reduce invasiveness in a selection program. During initial trials, comparing genotypic differences in traits related to invasiveness should allow plant breeders to identify cultivars that pose the least risk before undertaking comprehensive field trials. Genotypes with high commercial value, considered candidates for “fast-tracking”, should only advance quickly to product release if they exhibit a minimum level of invasive risk, i.e., species with low dispersal capacity and that have little potential to impact ecosystems. Fast-growing taxa, those with high seed production, ones likely to be rapidly dispersed by wind, animals, water or people, and others that can significantly alter nutrient or light levels are examples of species that should not be “fast-tracked”. Field trials that have typically been used to evaluate performance of genotypes across a broad range of cultivated environmental conditions need to be expanded to adequately evaluate invasive potential during the selection and improvement phase. Testing in environments that mimic conditions where introductions could naturalize is crucial, as are evaluations of competition with indigenous species. The time and resource investment needed to conduct adequate trials at this stage is potentially very high; more research is needed to ensure the trials conducted are targeting important information gaps for decision-making. Additional research is also needed to develop modeling approaches that effectively forecast long-term dynamics of introductions and to assist in developing field testing priorities. Minimizing invasive potential could significantly reduce introductions that cause inadvertent damage to landscapes and ecosystems. The strategy proposed here will require further development, especially in the context of understanding and assessing risks of pre- and post-release strategies for minimizing damage from invasive species. Scientific Paper No. 051210156 of the Department of Horticultural Science.     

肉种鸡养殖管理技术要点

相较于其他家禽养殖,肉种鸡养殖有着更严格的技术要求,要求养殖系统性、精细化。部分养殖户在发展肉种鸡养殖过程中不注重做好养殖管理工作,普遍存在技术空缺,很容易造成各种传染性疾病发生,影响肉种鸡正常生长,最终影响养殖户经济效益。该文在总结以往养殖经验的基础上,探讨肉种鸡饲养管理技术要点。     

Relationships of Body Weight,Feathering, and Footpad Condition with Reproductive and Carcass Morphology of End-of-Season Commercial Broiler Breeder Hens

Reproductive efficiency of broiler breeder hens declines with age. Whereas careful feed management can maximize BW uniformity at housing, there is variability in how rate of lay and flock behavioral dynamics will interact with subsequent growth during the breeder phase. This study characterized differences in carcass and reproductive morphology in end-of-cycle commercial broiler breeder hens based on BW, feather coverage, and footpad condition, and we discuss the potential implications of the findings. At 62 wk of age, 537 hens were studied from an original flock of 3,800. Birds were sorted into subgroups based on BW, feather score, footpad score, and whether they were in laying condition when dissected. The average flock BW was 3.56 kg, with means of 2.86, 3.56, and 4.20 kg for the low (LOW), standard (STD), and high (HIGH) BW groups, respectively. A higher proportion of birds from the STD (85%) and HIGH (81%) groups still had a fully formed reproductive tract compared with birds of the LOW (59%) group. The LOW birds in laying condition had a smaller ovary than the STD or HIGH birds. The ovary condition of birds in laying condition was not related to feather coverage. As feather coverage improved, final hen BW increased, demonstrating a potential role of feather coverage in growth efficiency or of BW in level of mating activity. Birds that received a feather score of 5 (complete back feather coverage) and had a normal reproductive tract made up 14.7% of this flock. It is likely that many of these birds were mating very infrequently or possibly not mating, which has implications for maintenance of flock fertility. Some may also have been returning from a molt. Footpad condition was not related to body size. External traits such as BW, feather score, and footpad score can provide insight into flock reproductive condition and male:female interaction.     

仙湖3号种鸭产蛋前期成绩与全期产蛋数的相关分析

用仙湖3号鸭第七世代B系核心群40个家系221只母鸭的个体产蛋数据进行相关和回归分析。结果:母鸭46周龄的产蛋数(x1)与64周龄的产蛋数(x2)相关系数r=0.9934,回归方程为x2=1.5117x1 34.2631;母鸭46周龄的产蛋数(x1)与全期产蛋数(y)的相关系数r=0.9954,回归方程为=1.4281x1 105.3878;46周龄和64周龄产蛋数同时影响全期产蛋数,拟合的二元回归方程为:=1.1533x1 0.1818x2 99.1598,拟合度R2=0.9913。上述方程可用于仙湖鸭的早期选种。y∧yy∧y     

种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能影响的研究

用29～36周龄海赛克斯(褐色)蛋用型父母代种公鸡112只、种母鸡1024只,研究了种公鸡日粮营养水平及其对繁殖性能的影响。上述试鸡,种母鸡饲用同一蛋鸡料,种公鸡则分别给饲下列4种日粮:1.高CP(17.5％),高AA(0.86％L_(Ys),0.63％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮;2.CP(12.5％),低AA(0.55％L_(YS),0.45％SAA),高Ca(3.7％)日粮; 3.低CP(12.5％), 低AA(0.55％ L_(Ys), 0.45％SAA), 低Ca(1.0％)日粮;4,同3,仅更换维生素-微量元素综合预混料。结果:1.采用低CP、低AA、高Ca或低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮时,种公鸡的精液品质、种蛋受精率、孵化率等均无异于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P>0.05);2.采用种公鸡专用维生素-微量元素综合预流料,入孵蛋孵化率提高3.35％,日饲用低CP、低AA、低Ca日粮的种公鸡体增重(29～36周龄)大于用高CP、高AA、高Ca日粮者(P<0.05),其36周龄体重较接近于品种标准。     

益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中的推广应用

为推进益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中的广泛应用,确保京郊种禽绿色、安全、环保生产,提高种鸡场的经济效益和社会效益,开展了益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中示范推广应用工作。推广结果表明,在饲料中添加益生菌制剂可提高蛋种鸡的产蛋率、种蛋合格率,降低料蛋比、死淘率,改善种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率,降低种蛋母雏比,可取得一定的经济效益...     

种番鸭产蛋下降综合征病毒的分离及其PCR鉴定

从临床表现产蛋率下降、产蛋异常的种番鸭输卵管粘膜中分离到1株病毒,经血凝及血凝抑制试验鉴定为产蛋下降综合征病毒,命名为E05。参照GenBank上发表的鸭源产蛋下降综合征病毒基因组序列的保守区设计1对引物,通过PCR技术扩增出286 bp的基因片段,将扩增产物与T载体连接后,转化感受态细胞,筛选出阳性重组质粒进行测序分析。测序结果与GenBank上已发表的EDSV 100kD蛋白序列比对,扩增片段与已登陆的基因片段完全相符,同源性100%。     

用PCR检测肉种鸡的鸡胚、雏鸡和子代肉鸡CAV和ALV

为了解CAV和ALV在不同阶段对肉鸡的感染情况,应用PCR方法,对山东省某3个中小型AA肉种鸡场的鸡胚、1日龄雏鸡和子代肉鸡中的CAV和ALV进行检测,试验直接采集样品的不同组织提取DNA,进行PCR扩增及PCR产物的克隆和序列测定。结果显示,被检的3个肉种鸡场及商品肉仔鸡均有这两种病毒的感染,其中CAV的阳性率24.22%;ALV的阳性率17.56%,两者共感染的阳性率8.89%。而且感染鸡各组织病毒含量也有差异,CAV以脾脏最多,ALV以肾脏最多。同时对肝脏进行细菌分离培养,并对40日龄子代商品肉鸡进行ND血凝抑制(HI)抗体效价检测,发现大肠杆菌等细菌感染阳性率较高,ND-HI抗体效价显著偏低。由此可见,鸡胚、雏鸡和子代肉鸡体内存在CAV、ALV的感染以及与细菌性疾病的共感染,造成机体免疫力下降。     

家禽人工授精与稀释液选择

家禽人工授精方法,可用于种禽笼养繁殖,可使蛋的总生产增加,受精率提高,这是人工授精技术重要优点之一。种蛋受精率的高低受各种因素影响,而稀释液选择是重要因素。本文对家禽稀释液进行分类、分析、试验,探索稀释液的选择和在不同情况下的使用方法,促进养禽业发展。