日粮能量蛋白水平对蛋用种公鸡繁殖性能的影响

在自由采食条件下，用不同代谢能水平（１１．２９，１２．１２，１２９６ＭＪ／ｋｇ）和不同粗蛋白水平（９０，１３０，１７０ｇ／ｋｇ）的日粮饲喂尼克蛋用种公鸡，研究日粮能量和蛋白对公鸡繁殖性能的影响。试验结果表明，日粮处理对公鸡采食量、精液品质（射精量和精子密度）有显著影响。采食量随能量、蛋白水平升高而减少；射精量则明显受能量、蛋白间交互作用的影响，在低蛋白水平时，因能量的增加而增加，高蛋白水平时，因能量的增加而减少；精子密度更多地受到能量水平影响，随能量降低而升高。另外降低蛋白水平也有利于提高精子密度。体重、受精率、孵化率、睾丸重均未受日粮处理的影响或影响较小；睾丸重和体重间存在显著线性相关关系。     

农艺措施对脱毒甘薯原原种的产量和生育进程的影响

针对脱毒甘薯原原种特殊的生长环境,研究了氮肥、栽培密度２因素与脱毒甘薯原原种产量及生长状况的关系。结果表明,每公顷栽插鲁薯７号快繁试管苗６．７５万株,施纯氮１５ｋｇ,产量可达８６９２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,最大叶面积到达时间较同品种未脱毒甘薯提前５～１０ｄ;针对脱毒甘薯营养生长期长,块根膨大期短的特点,提出了控制氮肥的用量,适当增加栽插密度以提高甘薯单产的栽培措施。     

Feasibility and production costs of composting breeder and pullet litter with eggshell waste

Phosphorus runoff from the land application of poultry litter has become a concern in watersheds in the Ozark Plateau region, prompting local growers to use alternative litter management practices. One option is the export of excess poultry litter from producers in nutrient-surplus watersheds to users located in areas where nutrient loads are not problematic. In 2006, nearly 100,000 tons of broiler and turkey litter was exported by BMPs Inc., a nonprofit corporation providing litter management services. However, breeder hen litter and pullet litter are rarely exported because there are limited outlets for these lower nutrient value litters. Another poultry industry by-product is eggshell waste from egg-breaking operations, most of which is currently landfilled at a cost of $25/ton. Composting was examined as an alternative method to convert litter and eggshell wastes into a marketable soil amendment, making use of the beneficial soil nutrients available in both; 4 blends and 2 production systems were analyzed. Process results indicated that during composting, the observed temperatures of each of the 4 blends were different, but all followed a similar trend throughout the production cycle. Functional group inventory and diversity analysis indicated that all blends fell within optimal ranges of microbial species, except for the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic bacteria; only blend 4 was within the optimal value for this parameter. Diversity values for each blend fell within the moderate diversity range (3 < d < 6.5). Maturity analysis results indicated that no blends were mature at 11 wk (index <50%) and could not safely be used in horticultural applications but could safely be used in field applications. Break-even analyses indicated that compost could be produced at an average cost (across the 4 blends) of $17.48 to $20.09/ton for systems 1 (small-scale) and 2 (large-scale), respectively.     

三黄种鸡产蛋期的生长模型的建立与分析

为了解三黄鸡产蛋期的生长发育规律,运用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy 3种曲线模型分别对5～16月龄的三黄鸡体重数据进行拟合和分析。结果表明:3种模型均能很好地模拟三黄鸡产蛋期的生长情况,以Logistic模型拟合效果最佳。应用3种模型对三黄鸡产蛋期进行生长曲线拟合和分析是可行的。     

Effect of vitamins,protein level and probiotics on immune response of moulted male broiler breeders

This study was planned to investigate the comparative effect of vitamins C (L‐ascorbic acid), E (DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate), probiotics, lower than normal protein level (14%) and combination of these treatments on immune response of male broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting. One hundred and eighty birds at the age of 65 weeks were induced to moult by mixing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed at the rate 3000 IU/kg of feed. Upon completion of moulting, birds were divided into six groups (five replicates per group) in a completely randomized design and were fed vitamin C (500 IU/kg), vitamin E (100 IU/kg), lower protein level, probiotics (50 mg/l), and a combination of these components, while one group was kept as control. After completion of moulting phase (5 weeks), the treatment effects were tested as in vitro macrophages engulfment percentage, nitric oxide (NO) production, serum antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB). The results showed that in vitro macrophage engulfment percentage in unopsonized conditions was significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. In addition, in opsonized condition, the macrophage engulfment percentage was significantly higher in both vitamin E‐ and C‐supplemented groups. The NO (opsonized and unopsonized) production and antibody titre against ND and IB were significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. It was concluded that vitamin E is a better option for enhanced immune response in broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting.     

碘化酪蛋白对蛋种鸡生产性能的影响

将 36 5日龄的尼克红父母代蛋种鸡 2 0 0羽 ,随机分成 4组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验 , , 组在基础日粮基础上分别添加 10 0 ,15 0和 2 0 0 mg/kg碘化酪蛋白 ,为期 6 0 d,研究碘化酪蛋白的促产蛋效果并探讨其机理。结果表明 ,试验 组效果最佳 ,产蛋率提高 11.12 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,料蛋比降低 8.19% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,同时蛋壳厚度增加 8.5 7% (P<0 .0 5 )和蛋壳相对重增加 12 .13% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,破异常蛋率降低 6 7.2 0 % (P<0 .0 1)。孵化效果显示 ,饲料中添加碘化酪蛋白对种蛋的孵化效果无明显影响。     

两种多巴胺受体激动剂对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

[目的]研究多巴胺受体激动剂对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响。[方法]选用120只27周龄新兴黄3号父母代种母鸡为试验对象,研究溴隐停和左旋多巴对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋率、种蛋合格率、畸形蛋率、平均蛋重和破蛋率的影响。[结果]使用溴隐停处理后第1周鸡群产蛋率显著高于左旋多巴处理组和对照组,4周内左旋多巴处理组平均产蛋率显著低于溴隐停处理组和对照组。溴隐停处理组中4周内种蛋合格率和平均蛋重最高,分别为89.16%和5.084×10-2 kg。药物处理后4周内平均破蛋率以左旋多巴处理组最高(7.46%),极显著高于对照组和溴隐停处理组。4周试验期内对照组的畸形蛋率最高,达到17.52%。[结论]该研究为进一步探讨多巴胺受体激动剂对母鸡输卵管机能的影响奠定了基础。     

复合添加剂对热应激下肉种鸡生产性能的影响

在热应激条件下,研究2组抗热应激复合添加剂对肉种鸡生产性能的影响。选280日龄青脚麻肉种鸡300只,随机分为II、II、II组。II、I组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加抗热应激添加剂I(中草药+Vc+VE)和II(碳酸氢钠+氯化铵+氯化钾+Vc+VE);III组为对照组。结果表明:与对照相比,I组产蛋率、蛋重、饲料报酬、蛋壳厚度分别提高了9.15%、3.54%、9.50%、7.36%;软破蛋率、死淘率分别降低了19.12%、58.63%;每月每只鸡净收入提高9.66%。II组产蛋率、蛋重、饲料报酬、蛋壳厚度分别提高了5.56%、3.99%、3.91%、4.29%;软破蛋率、死淘率分别降低了15.69%3、9.21%;每月每只鸡净收入提高4.90%。添加剂I效果优于添加剂II,与II组相比,I组产蛋率、饲料报酬、蛋壳厚度分别提高3.41%、5.81%、2.94%;软破蛋率、死淘率分别降低4.07%、31.95%;每月每只鸡净收入提高4.54%。添加剂II、I对蛋形指数、鸡蛋比重无显著影响。