毛竹低产林深翻施肥效应研究

不同坡位因其工地条件不同,毛竹林的立竹株数和平均胸径均有不同程度的差异,说明土壤理化性质（如土壤松紧度、土壤肥力）等对毛竹林的质量好坏具有决定性的作用,深翻和施肥的均能提高毛竹林的质量,立竹度和毛竹胸径增量最大的是深翻并离全元肥４５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２的处理,但与深翻并施全元肥３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,处理之间的差异不大,因此,毛竹低产林最佳的综合改造措施是劈草留阔、全面深翻、补植并施全元肥３００ｋｇ／ｈ     

The relation between biomass yield and linear measures of growth in Sesbania sesban in western Kenya

Various linear measurements were made on 115 provenances of Sesbania sesban var. nubica to establish their relationships with woody and leafy biomass yields of the trees after a year's undisturbed growth. Data were subjected to simple and multiple linear regression analyses. There were significant (P < 0.001) correlations in most cases but particularly so with leafy and total biomass where over 50% of the variations were accounted for by their regression on stem diameter at knee height (DKH). When data for dependent variables were logarithmically transformed, better regression coefficients (over 60%) were obtained for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and DKH.     

肉鸭胸肌特异挥发性风味物质的鉴定

为了寻找快大型肉鸭和优质小体型肉鸭的主要挥发性风味物质,构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响。本试验以9周龄北京鸭、连城白鸭、野鸭胸肌为材料,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对其进行检测,计算相对气味活度值(ROAV)寻找各品种鸭胸肌中主要挥发性风味物质。运用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)寻找3个品种肉鸭胸肌差异挥发性风味物质。同时结合电子鼻进行检测。通过SPME-GC-MS技术共检测出104种物质,这些化合物主要为醛类、醇类、酮类和呋喃类物质。北京鸭胸肌中挥发性物质中醇类物质最多,占比40.01%,其次是醛类和呋喃。而连城白鸭和野鸭胸肌中挥发性物质占比以醛类最高,其次是呋喃和醇类物质。通过计算ROAV可得,有43种挥发性物质对鸭胸肌风味有贡献,其中,3个品种胸肌共有物质32种。同时,电子鼻可以对3个品种胸肌进行区分。通过分析3个品种鸭胸肌挥发性物质的结果,探索了3个品种鸭胸肌的特征香气标志物。北京鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-辛烯醛、2-戊基呋喃、1-辛烯-3-酮;连城白鸭的主要风味物质为(E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、2-辛烯醛、己醛;野鸭主要风味物质为壬醛、2-戊基呋喃、正辛醛、己醛。OPLS-DA结果表明,3种鸭肉的主要差异风味物质基本集中在醛类和醇类物质。本研究对3个品种熟制后的鸭胸肌进行挥发性风味物质的检测,为构建不同品种肉鸭胸肌气味轮廓,探究品种对肉风味的影响具有重要的理论意义。     

Supranutritional selenium level affects fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of chicken breast muscle tissue

A total of 128 broilers were used to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative stability of lipids in the breast muscle tissue. There were 4 replicates of 4 dietary treatments: T1 (basal diet with no added Se), T2 (T1 with 0.15 mg Se added per kg diet), T3 (T1 with 0.3 mg Se added per kg diet) and T4 (T1 with 3.0 mg Se added per kg diet). A yeast source was used for added Se. Breast muscle tissue was collected from two chickens per replicate pen for the determination of Se concentration by ICP-MS, FA profile by GC and lipid oxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. Addition of supranutritional Se levels to chicken diets leads to the production of Se-enriched meat. Consumption of 100 g of breast meat from chickens fed diets supplemented with 0.15, 0.3 and 3 mg Se per kg of diet can provide 26, 41 and 220 μg of Se, respectively. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids namely C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 increased linearly (p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) as the Se inclusion levels in the diets increased. At slaughter, a linear decrease in lipid oxidation (p = 0.019) was observed with Se addition, possibly attributed to the antioxidant properties of Se. Addition of supranutritional Se to chicken diets, at levels well below those causing toxicity, leads to production of Se-enriched meat, protection of health-promoting long-chain FA like C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and protection of meat quality from oxidation at day 1 after slaughter.     

Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor—RE—/progesterone receptor—PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor—HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.     

速冻调制鸡脯肉加工研究

以新鲜鸡脯肉为原料,通过添加碳酸氢钠、复合磷酸钠、氯化钠、D-异抗坏血酸钠等研究其对产品保水性及冻藏过程中酸价、过氧化值的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化了速冻调制鸡脯肉腌制配料的最佳配方。结果表明,新鲜鸡脯肉在0～4 ℃环境下自然成熟4~5 h后进行调制加工,品质最佳;腌制配料的最佳配方为：碳酸氢钠添加量1.0 g/100 g、复合磷酸钠添加量0.48 g/100 g,氯化钠添加量1.0 g/100 g,D-异抗坏血酸钠添加量0.32 g/100 g,此时鸡脯肉的保水性最佳。在-18 ℃冻藏条件下,产品的酸价和过氧化值保持一定速率的上升,冻藏34 d时安全性指标过氧化值远远低于SB/T 10379—2012的规定要求。     

大岗山针叶与阔叶林林分结构比较分析

为研究不同林分径级、树高结构差异,在江西大岗山地区设置样地,选取杉木纯林、马褂木纯林各4块,对样地进行每木检尺,运用SPSS对胸径和树高数据进行处理,对胸径、树高的相关关系进行线性拟合,结果表明:大岗山地区杉木纯林与马褂木纯林胸径、树高分布整体上符合正态分布,假设检验的P值均大于0.05,但曲线陡峭程度杉木纯林(-1.487)大于马褂木纯林(-1.670),曲线偏移程度杉木纯林(0.191)大于马褂木纯林(0.010),树高分布曲线陡峭程度马褂木纯林(2.407)大于杉木纯林(-1.706),曲线偏移程度马褂木纯林(1.134)大于杉木纯林(0.459)。     

城市景观红竹林立竹冠形结构特征

对景观红竹林2007-2009年立竹的胸径、枝夹角、枝分角、冠长、冠幅、枝盘数进行了调查分析。结果表明:立竹冠长、冠幅、枝盘数与立竹胸径分别呈3次、2次多项式和线性关系;当立竹密度45023株/hm2以下时,不同年龄立竹不同竹冠部位的枝夹角无显著差异,立竹密度为26713株/hm2时,立竹不同竹冠部位的枝分角差异极显著;试验林立竹密度范围内,立竹密度对枝夹角、相对竹冠长无显著影响,对枝分角、相对冠幅、相对枝盘数有一定的影响。随着立竹密度的增大,竹冠上部枝分角显著下降,竹冠中部、下部枝分角呈先升后降趋势,相对冠幅、相对枝盘数呈下降趋势。当立竹密度为60030株/hm2时,枝分角、相对冠幅、相对枝盘数显著下降,对竹林的更新生长已产生不利影响。