含缺陷压力容器与管道泄漏失效风险分析

针对含缺陷压力设备的断裂失效分析模式,考虑缺陷尺寸、疲劳裂纹的随机扩展以及材料机械性能的随机特性,计算压力容器和管道泄漏失效概率、临界裂纹尺寸预测失效点的泄漏口面积,分析泄漏及其引起的火灾爆炸事故的特点,运用事故模型定量计算事故后果严重度,并综合考虑设备的失效概率和失效后果,构建了一个完整的含缺陷受压设备风险评价方法,并结合工程案例进行了阐述.     

毛竹雨雪冰冻灾害主要影响因子的回归分析

应用逐步引入剔除法对毛竹受雨雪冰冻灾害程度的海拔、坡度、坡位、坡向、土壤深度、经营管理、竹林密度等因子与折断率、倒伏率、受损率分别进行多元线性回归分析,经检验F>F0.01,P<0.01,偏回归系数(bi)均为显著或极显著,说明回归方程均有极显著意义。通过标准偏回归系数(b′i)检验自变量的主次关系,表明影响折断率的主导因子及各因子的主次关系为海拔>土壤深度>坡位>坡度,海拔、坡度与折断率呈正相关,坡位、土壤深度与折断率呈负相关;影响倒伏率的主导因子及各因子的主次关系为竹林密度>坡度>经营管理>土壤深度,坡度、经营管理与倒伏率呈正相关,竹林密度、土壤深度与倒伏率呈负相关;影响受损率的主导因子及各因子的主次关系为土壤深度>坡度>海拔>竹林密度>经营管理,海拔、坡度、经营管理与受损率呈正相关,竹林密度、土壤深度与受损率呈负相关。说明回归模型可用于毛竹折断率、倒伏率和受损率预测。     

土壤水分对山杏光合作用日变化过程的影响

在半干旱黄土丘陵区,应用CIRAS -2型光合作用测定系统,通过测定8个土壤水分梯度下山杏(Prunus sibirica L.)叶片光合生理参数的日变化过程,探讨土壤水分变化对山杏光合作用日变化过程的影响.结果表明:1)山杏光合作用日变化过程和光合午休的原因,随土壤水分的变化而明显不同,当土壤相对含水量(WT)在56.1％～66.1％之同时,山杏没有发生光合作用午休现象,但超出此土壤水分范围会发生不同程度的光合午休现象,当Wr在93.2％ ～77.0％之间时,山杏光合午休的主要原因是气孔因素限制,当Wr在49.3％ ～37.3％之间时,光合午休的主要原因开始由气孔因素向非气孔因素转变,当Wr小于37.3％后,光合午休的主要原因为非气孔因素限制,即叶肉细胞光合能力下降;2)当Wr在49.3％～77.0％之间时,山杏同时具有较高的光合速率和水分利用效率.     

Study on splicing performance of different types of staple yarns

The present paper reports the detailed study on the splicing behavior of viscose staple fiber yarns made from ring, rotor, friction and air-jet spinning technologies. The linear density of all the yearns was kept constant at 29.5 tex. The splicing parameters like splicing pressure and duration of the splicing were taken as variables. Three levels of splicing pressure at constant splicing duration and three levels of splicing durations at constant splicing pressure were considered. Splices were introduced at all these levels for the four different technologies. These splices were tested for their tensile properties and the properties of splices were evaluated in terms of retained splice strength (RSS) and splice break ratio (SBR). The splice photographs were taken and splices were analyzed for their structure and for diameter profile along the length of the splice.     

烟草辊压法薄片辅料配比与薄片质量的关系

通过烟草薄片辅料配比的多因子试验设计,研究了薄片辅料与薄片各项质量指标的关系,以期找出适合的配比参数。正交试验结果表明,CMC及薄片胶的掺配比例是影响薄片物理指标的主要因素,薄片辅料的最佳掺配比例分别为CMC:3%;薄片胶:10%;木浆:1.5%。在此配方下,薄片的物理指标较好,生产成本较低。薄片物理指标并非越高越好,企业在生产过程中应综合考虑经济指标,满足工艺指标要求下的最小成本。     

The effect of chilling,defoliation and hydrogen cyanamide on dormancy release,bud break and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar

The effect of defoliation (DEF) alone or combined with hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on dormancy state, fruit quality and yield of Anna apple cultivar was studied. Trees were manually defoliated on three successive dates, November 15th, December 1st and December 15th. The flower buds (FB) entered the endodormancy synchronized with vegetative buds (VB) for most of the treatments. Most of the treatments terminated endodormancy between January 27th and February 8th during the season 2004/2005 and between January 18th and February 8th during the season 2005/2006. The treatments were effective in dormancy release of FB and somewhat with VB. Defoliation on November 15th + HC recorded the lowest chilling accumulation needed to reach 50% bud break. All the treatments exceeded the control considering the percentage of flower (FBB) and vegetative bud break (VBB) either in the lab or at the field. Growing degree hours and the number of days required to reach each stage of fruiting were differed between the two studied seasons. The control and DEF on December 15th exceeded all the treatments regarding initial fruit set percentage (IFS). The defoliation treatments alone gave the highest yield (kg/tree). Defoliation + HC treatments gave the best fruit quality, while the control gave the least values.     

科学发展给力油茶产业发展方式转变

针对目前油茶产业发展中存在的问题,用科学发展观的思想理念,提出了＂10个突破,10个增强＂,即：突破油茶是小品种油的思维定势,增强油茶大产业意识;突破油茶是＂露水财＂的思维定势,增强＂绿色银行＂意识;突破传统发展思维定势,增强科技发展意识;突破小户经营思维定势,增强集约化经营意识;突破粗放经营思维定势,增强园艺化管理意识;突破节点发展思维定势,增强产业链发展意识;突破无机发展思维定势,增强有机生态发展意识;突破手工耕种思维定势,增强机械化、自动化耕种意识;突破单纯发展油茶思维定势,增强复合发展意识;突破低端产品思维定势,增强高端品牌发展油茶产业意识。从而促进油茶产业又好又快发展。     

热破番茄酱在保质期内品质的变化

选取我国主要番茄产区12个220 L钢桶包装的28%～30%热破番茄酱样品,对比分析番茄酱产品出厂检验指标与存放1～2年后质量分数、黏度、pH值、色差指标变化。结果表明,220 L钢桶装28%～30%热破番茄酱产品在2年的保质期内,产品质量分数值上升0.075%,黏度值下降0.20 cm/(30 s),pH值下降0.017,色差值下降0.064。     

砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)晚秋二次花与正常花的形态与生理特征比较研究

[目的]深入研究砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)的晚秋二次花与正常花在形态与生理上的差异,为二次花的利用与防控提供理论依据.[方法]连续两年对砂梨二次花和春季正常花的花粉数量、萌发率、花粉管和坐果特点进行测定和比较.[结果]二次花的花丝长度和花瓣大小仅为正常开花的50％;二次花的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量仅为正常花的66.0％～77.8％,与正常花相比,二次花有较高的败育率.正常开花的花粉在柱头萌发后能正常到达花柱的基部,而二次花的花粉萌发后却只能到达花柱的中部.[结论]虽然二次花具备正常的花器官和授粉的基本功能,但与正常花在形态特点和生理功能上具有一定差异.