3种包装物对大包装番茄酱产品色差的影响研究

选取3种包装的36%~38%冷破番茄酱为研究对象,对比分析番茄酱产品出厂检验指标与存放1~2年后色差指标的变化。结果表明,220 L钢桶装和1 500 L铁箱装番茄酱产品在2年的保质期内,产品色差值下降分别为0.130和0.125;1 250 L木箱装番茄酱产品在2年的保质期内,产品色差值下降0.093。     

流动沙丘先锋植物沙米的生态防护作用

使用野外风速廓线仪与阶梯式集沙仪,对流动沙丘先锋植物沙米及其群落的生态防护作用进行了野外实地观测研究。研究结果表明,沙米植株成塔状,基部分枝,株高变异性、可塑性大,与其他形态指标呈显著正相关,通过测定株高可掌握其基本形态特征。立枯沙米单株可降低风速90%以上,并能阻挡风沙流形成沙舌,沙舌积沙量、高度、长度与沙米体积、高度和冠幅呈显著相关。沙米群落粗糙度达到6.325 cm,是裸露流沙区的2635倍。在裸露流沙区200 cm高度风速为6.2 m/s时,裸露流沙区输沙量达到86.34 g/cm.h,而沙米群落中无风沙流发生;风速为9.5 m/s时,裸露流沙区输沙量也达到沙米群落的574倍。研究认为,在短期(2~3年)和局部空间范围(流动沙丘坡脚与两翼以及裸沙斑块),立枯沙米及其群落具有较明显的防风固沙作用;发达的生殖生长、侧枝系统和侧根系统,枯死后可保留2~3个生长季,是沙米发挥防风固沙作用的关键所在。     

Feline vaccine‐associated sarcomagenesis: Is there an inflammation‐independent role for aluminium?

Aluminium has been found in feline vaccine‐associated sarcomas. In this study, we investigated the potential for aluminium to contribute directly to tumourigenesis. Our results indicated that an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant preparation was cytotoxic and mutagenic in human‐Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells in vitro. Moreover, CHO cells deficient in DNA double strand break (DSB), but not single‐strand break (SSB), repair, were particularly sensitive to aluminium exposure compared with repair proficient cells, suggesting that aluminium is associated with DSBs. In contrast to CHO cells, primary feline skin fibroblasts were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of aluminium compounds and exposure to an aluminium chloride salt promoted cell growth and cell cycle progression at concentrations much less than those measured in particular feline rabies vaccines. These findings suggest that aluminium exposure may contribute, theoretically, to both initiation and promotion of tumours in the absence of an inflammatory response.     

遗传同质性在水稻品种抗瘟性丧失中的作用初探

遗传同质性在水稻品种抗瘟性丧失中的作用初探＊孙国昌杜新法柴荣耀孙漱沅（浙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所,杭州３１００２１）ＡＰｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＥｆｅｃｔｏｆＧｅｎｅｔｉｃＨｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｉｔｙｏｎＲｉｃｅＶａｒｉｅｔｙＲｅｓｉｓ...     

黑木相思与速生桉商品用材林培育的经济效益对比分析

以国家开发银行贷款建设200 hm²黑木相思与速生桉用材林培育为例,采用动态经济分析方法进行财务净现值、内部收益率等指标及投资不确定性分析,研究两者投资经营的经济效益。结果表明,计算期（13a）内,黑木相思和速生桉用材林的内部收益率、投资利润率和资本金利润率均高于行业基准收益率（8%）,项目可行。黑木相思的财务净现值、内部收益率高于速生桉,其经济效益好,盈利能力和抗风险能力强。     

破除菜豆种子硬实方法初探

研究运用热水浸种和机械破损种皮等物理方法,初步探索了菜豆种子硬实形成的原因和打破硬实的方法。试验结果表明：种子硬实现象与种子体积、种子百粒重（重量）成低度负相关。应用划破种皮方法可以使菜豆8天后发芽率由33%上升到97%;80℃热水浸种2 min和5 min方法处理种子,8天后发芽率由33%分别提高到98%和91%。上述3种方法均可以打破菜豆硬实现象,使菜豆种子的发芽率达到或超过标准,说明菜豆硬实种子的形成机理主要与种皮致密透水性差有关。在生产实践中从操作简便和成本的角度考虑,使用80℃热水浸种2 min处理种子打破硬实是最佳选择。     

Direct plant regeneration from nodal explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balanites aegyptiaca</Emphasis> L. (Del.): a valuable medicinal tree

This report describes in vitro shoot induction and plant regeneration from nodal segments of Balanites aegyptiaca on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and kinetin (Kin) (0.5–20.0 μM). MS medium supplemented with BA (12.5 μM) was the most effective in inducing bud break and growth and also in initiating multiple shoot proliferation. However, the optimal level of TDZ supplementation to the culture medium was 5.0 μM. Shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing the original nodal explants on the same medium. Highest number of shoots (11.5 ± 0.7) and shoot length (5.0 ± 0.2 cm) were achieved when cultures were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 12.5 μM BA and 1.0 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoots regenerated from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone free MS basal medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length by the end of fifth subculture. Rooting of the shoots was achieved on MS medium augmented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% activated charcoal followed by their transfer to half strength MS basal medium. The in vitro raised plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse with 70% survival rate. The results of this study provide the first successful report on in vitro direct plant regeneration of B. aegyptiaca.     

天水市近50年浅层地温变化特征分析

为了研究气候变化对天水浅层地温的影响,利用天水市1963—2012年0~20 cm各层逐年、逐月平均温度资料,运用气候倾向率、变异系数、九点二次平滑、Mann-Kendall检验以及Yamamoto检验法等统计方法,分析该地近50年浅层地温变化及对气候变化的响应特征。结果表明：天水浅层各季节及年平均地温均呈显著性升高趋势。年平均地温升幅在(0.02~0.47)℃/10 a间;季平均升幅在(0.17~0.47)℃/10 a间。冬季浅层地温变异系数较大,夏季变异系数最小。各浅层平均地温的年际变化特征也为上升趋势。经历了“冷—暖”的演变过程。20世纪60—90年代初期为偏冷阶段;20世纪90年代中期—21世纪初地温为偏暖阶段;21世纪以后呈下降趋势。各浅层平均地温在1993年前后均发生了突变,5 cm、20 cm平均地温对气候变暖的响应更敏感。     

含缺陷压力容器与管道泄漏失效风险分析

针对含缺陷压力设备的断裂失效分析模式,考虑缺陷尺寸、疲劳裂纹的随机扩展以及材料机械性能的随机特性,计算压力容器和管道泄漏失效概率、临界裂纹尺寸预测失效点的泄漏口面积,分析泄漏及其引起的火灾爆炸事故的特点,运用事故模型定量计算事故后果严重度,并综合考虑设备的失效概率和失效后果,构建了一个完整的含缺陷受压设备风险评价方法,并结合工程案例进行了阐述.