Keratoconjunctival effects of diabetes mellitus in dogs

OBJECTIVES: To compare Schirmer tear test (STT) values, corneal sensitivity, tear film break up times (TFBUTs), and tear glucose concentrations in relation to conjunctival microflora, and conjunctival cytologic and histologic findings among diabetic cataractous, nondiabetic cataractous, and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Procedures Fifteen dogs in each category underwent neuro-ophthalmic examination; aerobic, anaerobic and fungal conjunctival cultures; assessment of corneal touch threshold (CTT), STT, tear glucose, TFBUT; and conjunctival cytology and histology (in certain cases only). Degree of cataract and uveitis were critically graded. Glycemic control was estimated using serum fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS: STT values were significantly lower in diabetic cataractous than nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. CTT of diabetic cataractous dogs was significantly lower than that of nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Mean TFBUTs were significantly less in diabetic cataractous dogs than nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Tear glucose concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic cataractous dogs than nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Conjunctival microbial isolates did not differ among groups. There were no significant differences in degree of cataract or uveitis between diabetic cataractous and nondiabetic cataractous groups. There was mild submucosal inflammatory infiltrate in conjunctival specimens from diabetic dogs. Conjunctival epithelial dysplasia and/or squamous metaplasia was/were detected in conjunctival biopsies of 5/7 diabetic dogs. Reductions in conjunctival goblet cell (GC) densities were noted in 4/7 diabetic dogs; there were no significant differences in mean GC densities among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic cataractous dogs have significantly altered keratoconjunctival characteristics compared to nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs.     

Estimation of lacrimal level and testing methods on normal beagles

Five methods of testing tears including the Schirmer tear test (STT-1), phenol red thread tear test (PRT) and modified Schirmer tear test (STT-2) were conducted on 44 eyes of 22 normal Beagles, and the tear film break up time (BUT) and lacrimal pH were tested in 32 eyes of 16 normal Beagles. The coefficient of variation of PRT demonstrated a low value (C.V. 14%) compared to the value of STT-1 (C.V. 12%). The lacrimal pH showed a more constant value (C.V. 3%). Measurements of STT-2 (C.V. 48%) and BUT (C.V. 34%) varied significantly. The results show the clinical usefulness of the PRT. Mean values (mean ± SD) of tests were: PRT, 29.3 ± 3.45 mm/15 s; STT-1, 18.89 ± 2.62 mm/60 s; STT-2, 9.52 ± 4.55 mm/60 s; pH, 7.29 ± 0.22 and BUT, 21.53 ± 7.42 s.     

桑果破碎机的结构及工作原理

本阐述了最新研制的桑果破碎机的主要结构、工作原理、性能和操作技术,为桑果汁的开发创造了机械化的加工工具。     

A Break Even Analysis on the Scale Operation of Property Management

By means of analyzing the relationship among fixed cost, variable cost and the scale of property management, using the break even analysis to deliberate the least scale of property management with no loss. On this basis the proposals on scale operation were put forward.     

森林防火线维修的化学除草技术

文中介绍了在防火线维修中化学除草剂的应用技术,包括除草剂种类、配方选择、作业时间确定、配药用水解决办法和施药方法等。大面积推广应用杀草率达到９０％以上、防火期杂草腐烂率８０％以上;与人工铲草维修相比,工效提高８０％,节省成本４９％以上     

forming process planning and technology realization of the monoblock break beam frame

In order to meet the performance demands of train lorry, a die forging drawing method based on structure features analysis was proposed to form the L A break beam frame. The finite element method was used to simulate a series of die forging processes and the drawing processes with different parameters. The optimum cross section shape of the performing die was obtained from these simulation results. It is found that local back flow of the metal is the primary cause of necking defects in drawing. Furthermore, the best drawing speed is determined to be from 87 mm/s to 96 mm/s. The results of trial manufacturing and product detection indicate that employing a die forging drawing process to form the monobloc break beam frame is feasible.     

沙生针茅种子吸水特性及其萌发特征研究

以民勤沙生针茅种子为试验材料,研究不同温度蒸馏水处理、GA₃处理、PEG处理对沙生针茅种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明：在不同水温处理下的沙生针茅种子发芽率随着水温的升高其吸胀率呈递增趋势,且不同水温浸泡下沙生针茅种子的吸水率差异极显著;GA₃处理对沙生针茅种子的萌发具有促进作用,在80 mg/L的GA₃溶液处理下的发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为54%、48%,第7天达萌发高峰期,有效得缩短了萌发周期;随着PEG溶液的增加,沙生针茅种子的萌发得到不同程度的诱发,PEG溶液浓度越低,诱发作用越明显,PEG溶液浓度在5%时,种子发芽率、发芽势较高,说明干旱胁迫对沙生针茅种子的萌发具有不同程度的诱发作用,沙生针茅种子能适应一定程度的干旱土壤生境。     

大豆生育期间抗倒伏性状变化规律的研究

抗倒伏性是大豆高产稳产研究的重要内容。选用黑农37和黑农42两个大豆品种为试验材料,在25万和35万株/hm ²密度条件下,对不同生育时期大豆茎秆的形态指标、茎秆基部挫折力等力学特性进行测定,较系统地研究了大豆生育期间抗倒伏性状变化规律。结果表明,大豆生育期间,随着株高和单株鲜重的变化,植株重力力矩呈单峰曲线变化,R₅-R₆期达到峰值,茎粗和茎秆基部挫折力也呈现相同的变化规律;而抗倒伏系数是大豆茎秆力学特性的综合表现,呈现U型变化,在R₅-R₆期最小,表明该期间最易倒伏;大豆株高、单株鲜重、植株重力力矩与抗倒伏系数呈极显著负相关,大豆茎粗、基部茎秆挫折力、弹性模量与抗倒伏系数呈极显著正相关,表明大豆株高越低、单株鲜重越小、重力力矩越小、茎粗越粗、茎秆挫折力及弹性模量越大,大豆抗倒伏性越强。供试的两种密度条件下,大豆单株鲜重、茎粗、茎秆基部挫折力、重力力矩、抗倒伏系数等性状,35万株/hm ²处理明显低于25万株/hm ²处理,表明随种植密度增加,大豆倒伏风险增大。     

生物质挡尘墙设计与实验研究

排风区的空气污染能够造成疫病在畜禽舍间的交叉感染,也同时影响场区外的大气质量。使用生物质挡尘墙对纵向通风的蛋鸡舍排出空气进行控制,经生产试验证明挡尘墙有较好的净化效果。挡尘墙外侧的总悬浮颗粒物浓度降低了77%,可吸入颗粒物降低了55%;微生物总数与大肠杆菌浓度降幅大于85%;臭气浓度经过挡尘墙时出现剧降,外侧浓度只有内侧的50%左右。经过挡尘墙的处理,排风区空气从超标数倍的严重污染状况降到正常空气范围之内。     

不同栽培架式不同品种葡萄一年生植株冬芽萌发和成花情况调查

【目的】：探明栽培于广州的一年生\"V\"型架四个葡萄品种(‘夏黑’、‘阳光玫瑰’、‘温克’和‘东方之星’）和平棚架两个品种（‘夏黑’和‘阳光玫瑰’）春季萌芽和成花规律。【方法】落叶后2周完成冬剪。1周后,用3%单氰胺处理一级枝和主蔓上的冬芽,主蔓一半的冬芽的进行刻伤处理。6周后,全园调查冬芽的萌发和成花情况,同时记录芽所在节位的粗度。【结果分析】‘东方之星’成花率最高,‘阳光玫瑰’和‘温克’次之,‘夏黑’成花率最低;刻伤处理可提高冬芽萌发率;粗度在0.7-1.5cm的结果母枝芽萌发率和成花率相对较高。一级枝的冬芽萌发和成花率均高于主蔓;而相同品种的\"V\"型架萌发时间普遍早于平棚。【结论】须适度控制营养梢的生长,使其成为粗度适宜的结果母枝,可利用刻伤处理促进冬芽萌发,不同栽培架式和品种冬芽萌发时间有差异,掌握这些物候特点对指导广东品种选择和生产技术具有积极意义。