天然油菜素内酯对油松和刺槐种子发芽的影响

油菜素内酯是一种新型植物甾体激素 ,近年来 ,在农业上得到了广泛的应用 (郭奇珍 ,1 983;李凯荣等 ,1 998;骆炳山 ,1 986;赵毓橘等 ,1 986;朱广镰 ,1 992 ;Ｉｋｅｋａｗａｅｔａｌ.,1 991 ;Ｍａｎｄａｖａ ,1 988;Ｙａｍａｇｕｃｈｉｅｔａｌ.,1 987)。但在林业上的研究报道甚少 ,特别是油菜素内酯对林木种子萌发及下胚轴伸长的影响未见报道。本文以水土保持林主要树种———油松 (Ｐｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓ)、刺槐 (Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ)种子为材料 ,研究了天然油菜素内酯对其萌发及下胚轴伸长的影响 ,以便…     

油菜素内酯对土壤石油污染下刺槐幼苗生长的影响

为探讨土壤石油污染下油菜素内酯对刺槐的生长影响,采用室内盆栽的方法,应用不同浓度的油菜素内酯（0、0.1、0.3、0.5 mg·L^-1）通过栽前浸根加展叶期叶面喷施处理,对生长在不同土壤石油污染浓度（10、15、20 g·kg^-1）下的1年生刺槐苗进行了生长测定。结果表明:不同土壤石油污染浓度下,不同浓度的油菜素内酯相比清水对照,均能促进刺槐苗株高、地径生长和根系发育,提高干物质积累,有效地缓解石油污染胁迫对刺槐苗生长的影响。综合10～20 g·kg^-1土壤石油污染浓度下,油菜素内酯对刺槐苗生长的促进效应,最佳的施用浓度为0.3 mg·L^-1。     

芸苔素内酯0.01%水剂调节黄瓜生长田间药效试验

进行田间试验以明确芸苔素内酯0.01%水剂对调节黄瓜生长的效果及最佳田间使用量。结果表明,在推荐用量为芸苔素内酯0.01%水剂有效成分为0.03～0.06 mg/kg时,在黄瓜移植后、初花期、结果期喷雾,即可收到良好效果。     

马铃薯油菜素内酯信号激酶基因StBSKs的克隆与序列分析

油菜素内酯是一种参与调控植物生长发育和环境抗性的植物激素,BSKs是BR信号通路中重要的信号转导激酶。以马铃薯为试验材料,通过同源序列检索分析设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆得到BSK基因家族的7个基因,分别命名为StBSK1、StBSK2、StBSK3、StBSK4、StBSK5、StBSK6和StBSK7。其CDS全长分别为1 497、1 479、1 464、1 461、1 476、1 476和1 476 bp,分别编码498、492、487、486、491、491和491个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,StBSKs蛋白的等电点为5.14~6.37,均呈弱酸性;这7个蛋白均无跨膜结构域和信号肽;氨基酸序列比对发现,StBSKs蛋白的氨基酸序列在N端存在较大差异。系统进化树分析发现,StBSKs蛋白与同科物种的亲缘关系更近。本研究结果丰富了对马铃薯油菜素内酯信号激酶StBSKs基因的认知,也为进一步深入研究StBSKs的基因功能奠定基础。     

Application of brassinolide alleviates cold stress at the booting stage of rice

The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L~(–1) BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR; the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.     

Protective Roles of Brassinolide on Rice Seedlings under High Temperature Stress

Two indica rice(Oryza sativa L.)materials,Xieqingzao B(sensitive to heat stress)and 082(tolerant to heat stress),were used to study the role of brassinolide(BR)in protection of rice seedlings from heat stress.Young seedlings were subjected to high temperature(38℃/30℃)and sprayed with 0.005 mg/L of BR.Analysis was conducted on the contents of chlorophyll,protein and malondialdehyde(MDA),the leakage of electrolyte,the activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and their isozymes expression levels in leaves.Under the high temperature treatment,application of BR significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll and protein,and the activities of POD and SOD,and reduced the content of MDA and the leakage of electrolyte in the leaves of the heat-sensitive material Xieqingzao B,whereas BR had less effect on those of the heal-tolerant material 082 relatively.The BR treatment enhanced the expression of POD isozymes in the Ieaves of both materials.Under the high temperature stress and BR treatment.the expression of four SOD isozymes reduced in 082,but the expression of two SOD isozymes increased in Xieqingzao B.This suggests that BR plays an important role in protection of rice seedlings from heat stress by enhancing the activities or expression level of protective enzymes in the leaves.The materials with various heat-tolerance might differ in the mechanism of response to heat stress with BR application.     

深绿木霉菌发酵代谢物与芸苔素内酯复配效果评价

研究了深绿木霉菌(Trichoderma atroviride)发酵代谢物与芸苔素内酯复配对辣椒、黄瓜、番茄、小青菜4种蔬菜种子萌发与生长的影响及对番茄灰霉病防治效果。结果表明,深绿木霉菌发酵代谢物稀释10、50、100倍后与0.1%芸苔素内酯稀释5 000倍液复配,对上述4种种子的发芽势及芽长有显著促生作用。深绿木霉菌发酵代谢物稀释50倍与0.1%芸苔素内酯稀释5 000倍液复配后浸种,可使番茄的株高、根长、鲜重、干重分别比对照提高20.00%、35.17%、59.20%、29.03%,同时对番茄灰霉病的防效达到56.62%。多组试验均表明,木霉菌发酵代谢产物与芸苔素内酯在促生及防病方面具有协同增效作用。     

油菜素内酯应用于甘蔗组织培养快繁的研究

为了研究油菜素内酯（brassinolide, BL）对甘蔗组织培养的影响,本研究以“植物器官从头再生”“体细胞胚再生”2种组培快繁体系为基础,通过添加适宜浓度的2,4-表油菜素内酯（2,4-epibrassinolide, 2,4-EBL）于基础培养基中,设计了6套适用于甘蔗快繁的组合培养基方案。并于不同诱导阶段（不定根诱导、愈伤组织诱导、成苗诱导）对接种材料的形态特征及内源植物激素（油菜素内酯、玉米素核苷、生长素、脱落酸）的含量变化进行了统计与测定,探讨了油菜素内酯应用于甘蔗组织培养快繁技术的可行性。结果表明,将不定根培养基MS + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L LFS与成苗培养基MS + 0.5 mg/L KT +（0.2 mg/L IBA / 0.2 mg/L 2,4-EBL）+ 300 mg/L Pro进行组合,为甘蔗组培快繁的较优方案,油菜素内酯可应用于甘蔗组织培养快繁技术,且体细胞胚再生成苗优于愈伤组织再生成苗,成苗时间可缩短至32 d。     

天然油菜素内酯对五种牧草种子发芽和胚根下胚轴伸长的影响

用9个不同浓度的天然油菜素内酯溶液浸种处理5种牧草种子,观测其对种子发芽和胚根下胚轴伸长的影响。结果表明,0.01 mg/L浓度处理使苜蓿种子发芽率比对照提高了32.2%,发芽天数缩短了1.4 d;0.01mg/L处理使鲁梅克斯种子发芽率增加了27.8%,0.05 mg/L处理使其发芽天数提前了0.8 d;0.03 mg/L处理使普那菊苣种子发芽率提高了28.9%,发芽天数缩短了0.3 d;0.4 mg/L处理使串叶松香草种子发芽率增加了26.7%,发芽天数提前了1.2 d;0.03 mg/L处理使小冠花种子发芽率提高了23.3%,0.05 mg/L使其发芽天数缩短了0.9 d。0.05、0.07、0.03、0.4和0.03 mg/L处理对苜蓿、鲁梅克斯、普那菊苣、串叶松香草和小冠花胚根下胚轴伸长的促进效应最为明显。     

油菜素内酯对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的生理效应

用 BR 处理水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种子,提高了萌发种子的淀粉酶活性。10~(-3)ppmBR 处理对根和芽长度稍有促进效果,10~(-1)ppmBR 则略有抑制作用。发现了初生根卷须状弯曲现象,该现象对 BR 的生物活性的定性鉴定可能具有一定的意义。种子经 BR 处理后,幼苗在不同生长条件下株高和鲜重受影响的情况不同。BR 处理提高叶片组织的耐冷性。