Androgen-induced neural plasticity and the regulation of electric-social behavior in the brown ghost knifefish: current status and future directions

The weakly electric brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) modulates its electric organ discharge to produce intraspecific communication signals called chirps. Although males and females are known to produce chirps during courtship and spawning, they show clear sex differences in their propensity to chirp in response to artificial electrosensory stimuli; males consistently chirp, whereas females generally do not. This species also shows prominent sex differences in substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPl-ir) in brain. Males, but not females, have intense SPl-ir in a number of forebrain regions known to control reproductive functions, including the prepacemaker nucleus (PPn), the command center for chirping behavior. However, androgen treatment enhances both chirping behavior and brain SPl-ir in females. In addition, chirps produced by androgen-treated females are similar to those reported to occur during spawning. The results suggest that steroid-induced neural plasticity of SPl input to the PPn may play an important role in modulating female chirping activity. However, potential problems with this interpretation are discussed.     

12种杀菌剂防治枣缩果病田间药效试验报告

１２种杀菌剂田间防治枣缩果病试验结果表明：８５％枣病克星可湿性粉为首选药剂,喷药防治区病果率为１．６３％,其次可选用大生Ｍ－４５,退菌特＋甲基托布津,多菌灵,植保膜＋代森锰锌,杜邦福星,喷药防治区病果率分别为３．６３％,３．３８％,３．７５％,４．５％,５．７５％,代森锰锌,氯乳铜,甲基托布津,代森锰锌＋多菌灵,枣缩果宁２号,波尔多液则对枣缩果病防效较差或基本无效。     

23例多系统萎缩的临床与影像学分析

目的：探讨多系统萎缩（ＭＳＡ）的影像学特征与临床表现的相关性,为临床诊断提供依据。方法：对２３例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：根据临床资料及影像结果分为３类型。（１）１６例橄榄体桥小脑萎缩（ＯＰＣＡ）中,以小脑共济失调为主者１０例,脑的ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ可见桥脑、橄榄体、小脑萎缩明显,可伴大脑等部位萎缩;（２）３例Ｓｈｙ－Ｄｒａｇｅｒ综合征（ＳＤＳ）,以植物神经功能紊乱为主要表现者２例,１例误诊为多发脑梗塞,脑ＭＲＩ壳核Ｔ２低信号改变;（３）４例纹状体－黑质变性（ＳＮＤ）首发症状均为锥体外系表现而误诊为帕金森病。脑ＭＲＩ示壳核可有Ｔ１低Ｔ２高信号改变。结论：ＭＳＡ是一组神经系统多部位变性综合征,各型早期各具特点,其中ＳＤＳ、ＳＮＤ较易误诊;ＭＲＩ等有关检测技术对发病机理和诊断分型等方面有较肯定的意义     

小鼠脑提取液中铝的毛细管电泳分析

用毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定了小鼠脑中的铝,在10mmol/L苄胺和40％甲醇溶液中,Al3+在7min内与其他组分分离,用间接紫外吸收法在 214nm处检测,并以外标法定量,对样品进行5次测定,RDS为2.9％,回收率为96.8％,方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,重现性好,成本低。     

Establishment,characterization, virus susceptibility and transfection of cell lines from cobia,Rachycentron canadum (L.), brain and fin

Establishment and characterization of two cobia, Rachycentron canadum, cell lines derived from cobia brain (CB) and cobia fin (CF) are described. Caudal fin and brain from juvenile cobia were dissociated for 30 and 10 min, respectively, in phosphate‐buffered saline containing 0.25% trypsin at 25 °C. The optimal culture condition for both dissociated cells (primary cell culture) was at 28 °C in Leibovitz‐15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum. The cells have been sub‐cultured at a ratio of 1:2 for more than 160 passages over a period of 3 years. Origin of the cultured cells was verified by comparison of their sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes (cox I) with the cox 1 sequence from cobia muscle tissue. The cell lines showed polyploidy. No mycoplasma contamination was detected. Susceptibility to grouper iridovirus was observed for the CB cell line but not the CF cell line. Both cell lines expressed green fluorescent protein after being transfected with green fluorescent reporter gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter.     

弓形虫卵囊感染小鼠的急性期与慢性期的脑组织蛋白质组变化

弓形虫是一种呈世界性分布的机会性致病原虫,可引起致命性脑炎.人弓形虫病急性感染往往与弓形虫卵囊污染密切相关.探究弓形虫卵囊感染对宿主的致病机制和防控弓形虫病具有重要意义.因此,本研究利用iTRAQ技术,结合2D-LC-MS/MS分析弓形虫PRU虫株卵囊急、慢性感染小鼠后,其脑组织蛋白质的差异表达情况.结果 表明,在急性...     

Possible involvement of PKC/MAPK pathway in the regulation of GnRH by dietary arachidonic acid in the brain of male tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis

Our previous studies have indicated that dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) significantly affects the gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, and this effect was more positive in male fish than in female fish (Aquaculture, 468, 378–385). As a following up study, the present study was further aimed at investigating the possible mechanisms in the brain mediating the effects of dietary ARA on gonadal steroidogenesis. A 70‐day feed trial was repeated with two‐year‐old tongue sole, using three experimental diets with graded levels of ARA, 0.34%, 2.53%, and 9.63% of total fatty acids. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 23 fish (15 males and 8 females). The results confirmed the positive effect of dietary ARA on testosterone production in male fish. The concentration of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum responded to dietary ARA in a similar pattern with the testosterone concentration, but the concentration of gonadotrophin in serum was not affected by dietary ARA. The response of gene expression of PKCβ, ARRB1, ARRB2, ERK2 and ATF3 in the brain to dietary ARA was in good agreement with those of GnRH and testosterone, indicating the possible involvement of PKC‐ARRB‐ERK‐ATF3 pathway in signalling transduction of GnRH. However, the PI3K/Akt and TLR/NF‐κB pathways may not be directly involved in the regulation of GnRH metabolism by ARA. This is the first study reporting the possible involvement of PKC/MAPK pathways in regulation of reproductive endocrine processes by long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain of marine fish.     

Using fish models to investigate the links between microbiome and social behaviour: The next step for translational microbiome research?

Recent research has revealed surprisingly important connections between animals’ microbiome and social behaviour. Social interactions can affect the composition and function of the microbiome; conversely, the microbiome affects social communication by influencing the hosts’ central nervous system and peripheral chemical communication. These discoveries set the stage for novel research focusing on the evolution and physiology of animal social behaviour in relation to microbial transmission strategies. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of teleost fish models and their potential for advancing research fields, linked to sociality and microbial regulation. We argue that fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Cyprinidae), sticklebacks (?Gasterosteidae), guppies (Poeciliidae) and cleaner–client dyads (e.g., obligate cleaner fish from the Labridae and Gobiidae families and their visiting clientele), will provide valuable insights into the roles of microbiome in shaping social behaviour and vice versa, while also being of direct relevance to the food and ornamental fish trades. The diversity of fish behaviour warrants more interdisciplinary research, including microbiome studies, which should have a strong ecological (field‐derived) approach, together with laboratory‐based cognitive and neurobiological experimentation. The implications of such integrated approaches may be of translational relevance, opening new avenues for future investigation using fish models.