Effect of rifaximin on gut-lung axis in mice infected with influenza A virus

Gut-lung axis injury is a common finding in patients with respiratory diseases as well as in animal model of influenza virus infection. Influenza virus damages the intestinal microecology while affecting the lungs. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable derivative of rifamycin, is an effective antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether rifaximin-perturbation of the intestinal microbiome leads to protective effects against influenza infection, via the gut-lung axis. Our results showed that influenza virus infection caused inflammation of and damage to the lungs. The expression of tight junction proteins in the lung and colon of H1N1 infected mice decreased significantly, attesting that the barrier structure of the lung and colon was damaged. Due to this perturbation in the gut-lung axis, the intestinal microbiota became imbalanced as Escherichia coli bacteria replicated opportunistically, causing intestinal injury. When influenza infection was treated with rifamixin, qPCR results from the gut showed significant increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, while Escherichia coli populations markedly decreased. Furthermore, pathology sections and western blotting results illustrated that rifaximin treatment strengthened the physical barriers of the lung-gut axis through increased expression of tight junction protein in the colon and lungs. These results indicated that rifaximin ameliorated lung and intestine injury induced by influenza virus infection. The mechanisms identified were the regulation of gut flora balance and intestinal and lung permeability, which might be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. Rifaximin might be useful as a co-treatment drug for the prevention of influenza virus infection.     

应用套式PCR分段扩增犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白的全基因

为研究犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）融合蛋白各段功能,根据ＣＤＶＯｎｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ弱毒株的融合蛋白基因序列,设计合成了１０条寡聚核苷酸引物。对此１０条引物进行不同的配对,将１株犬瘟热疫苗弱毒株细胞培养物的总ＲＮＡ进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增,利用１次ＰＣＲ扩增得到了７个基因片段,最长的达１６６９ｂｐ,最短的为３１４ｂｐ;应用套式或半套式ＰＣＲ,扩增得到了能覆盖整个融合蛋白基因的８个片段     

TTMV间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以TTMV重组蛋白作为包被抗原,通过反应条件优化,建立了检测人TTMV血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,结果显示：抗原最佳包被浓度为1．63μg／mL,37℃孵育1h后4℃过夜;血清稀释度为1：320;酶标二抗孵育时间为37℃60min;ELISA酶标板的临界值为0．211。运用该方法对上海市和辽宁省共计280份血清样品进行检测,阳性检出率分别为34．68％和39．74％。检测结果表明,建立的间接ELISA方法特异性与重复性均较好,为进一步完善TTMV临床诊断方法打下了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒河北地方株ORF6基因的克隆及原核表达

从河北沧州分离到一株疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,接种Marc-145细胞,经4代盲传,出现细胞病变,经鉴定为PRRSV,命名为HB-3(cz)株。根据GenBank公布的PRRSV JXA1株ORF6基因的核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对特异性引物(P1/P2),用RT-PCR方法扩增完整ORF6基因,将扩增产物连接到pGM-T载体并转化克隆菌,阳性重组质粒PGM-M进行序列测定与分析。后将克隆质粒PGM-M双酶切后连接原核表达载体pET-32a(+),在Rosseta-DE3中成功获得表达,经Western-blotting分析表明,表达蛋白与阳性血清发生特异性反应。     

甲型肝炎病毒免疫控制研究进展

对甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)发病机理和免疫调控的研究近年来重新受到关注。在发展中国家感染者的平均年龄增加,导致机制尚不明确的更严重的肝炎。而且,从HAV和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的免疫对比来看,这两种正链RNA病毒感染结果完全不同。HCV比HAV复制效率低,导致HCV蛋白表达量低,因此对IFN信号传导的拮抗作用较低。有研究发现循环的HAV病毒颗粒隐藏在膜里,导致先天免疫和抗体介导中和作用的激活。同时还考虑到CD4^+辅助T细胞对CD8^+细胞毒性T细胞对抗病毒免疫和肝损伤的作用,提出了一种非细胞毒性的HAV感染免疫控制模型。     

The fat content of milk from dairy cattle infected with bovine leukosis virus

Two groups of cows infected with the bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were kept on two different diets and the fat content of their milk was assayed. The results were compared with those obtained from two comparable groups of BLV-free cows. The cows in each group were of similar ages, those in the groups on the poorer diet being 1–4 months post partum, while those on the richer diet were 5–7 months post partum. The mean percentage of fat in the milk from uninfected cows on the poorer diet was 2.94 while that from the similar infected cattle was 3.06. Uninfected cows on the richer diet produced milk containing 3.39% fat, while those that were infected produced milk containing 3.30% fat. No statistical differences in milk fat production were observed between the BLV seropositive and seronegative cows.     

Mange in pigs: A survey

Extract

Mange in pigs caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis is reported to be common in New Zealand, but, to the writer's knowledge, no investigation has been made of the number of infested farms in any area.     

浅谈鸡传染性贫血

本文介绍了由鸡传染性贫血病病毒侵害雏鸡骨髓、胸腺和法氏囊导致免疫抑制的一种疾病——鸡传染性贫血病,系统论述了自1979年以来国内外学者对该病病原、流行状况、临床诊断、病原学诊断、防治措施的研究概况.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒垂直传播及其危害研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起的繁殖障碍在妊娠早期表现为母猪受胎率低、不规律返情及孕早期流产;怀孕后半期流产、早产,产死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔等。先天感染的仔猪抵抗继发感染的能力低,可持续排毒并感染周围的阴性动物。PRRSV穿过胎盘屏障感染胎儿很可能是经巨噬细胞/单核细胞介导的,并在母胎界面造成病理损伤,病毒在胎儿着床点的复制可能是导致胎儿死亡和母猪流产的原因。预防PRRSV垂直传播必须控制母猪感染PRRSV,缩短已感染母猪的病毒血症持续时间,此外,通过生物安全、限制猪群流动和严格的消毒措施控制水平传播,通过疫苗免疫和药物保健消除易感动物。作者概述了妊娠各阶段母猪感染PRRSV发生垂直传播的情况及其后续的繁殖障碍。