闽南地区草本花卉的配置应用——以厦门植物园花卉园为例

草本花卉种类丰富、适应性强、栽培容易、便于管理,是园林绿化中的重要材料。针对其园林特色,结合厦门地区的资源情况,探讨草本花卉在不同的园林环境中的植物配置与应用,并以厦门植物园草本花卉园的建设为例,阐述其植物配置,营造色彩绚丽、种类丰富、风格各异的园林植物景观。     

植物源农药16%赤菌宁微乳剂的研制

通过乳化剂、助溶剂的筛选,且进行相关理化性能的检测,研究植物源农药16%赤菌宁微乳剂的配方制备方法,确定其最佳配方(体积分数)为商陆提取物4%,厚朴提取物4%,苍耳子提取物8%,烷基磺酸钙(DBS-Ca)10%,农乳A 15%,环己酮20%,水39%。该微乳剂质量稳定、成本低、安全、环保,具有良好的开发应用前景。     

植物次生代谢产物在国内农药开发方面的研究进展

对植物次生代谢产物的开发利用有助于农业安全生产。通过整理相关研究动态,概述了植物次生代谢产物应用于国内植物源农药开发方面的研究进展,并结合生产与市场的需求对植物源农药的开发进行了总结与展望。     

宜昌植物旅游资源现状及开发利用

为促进宜昌旅游业的发展,笔者重点研究宜昌地区的古树名木、珍稀濒危植物、观赏花卉及植物园(含森林公园)等旅游资源现状,并对植物旅游资源开发利用的对策进行探讨。     

Effects of herbage intake on goat performance in the mediterranean type natural pastures

This study aimed at identifying changes in natural pastures during the grazing season and investigating the effects of these changes on pasture feeding potential for high yielding dairy goats. During the study, 12 dairy goats were grazed on a 1.5 ha natural pasture for three months from April to June in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The goats were fed 0.5 kg/day of concentrate as a supplement during the grazing season. Botanical composition, herbage production and intake, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of the pasture were determined. Live weight, milk yield, milk dry matter (DM) and fat content of the goats were monitored. The data were analyzed using a linear model, which evaluated the effects of grazing seasons in each year. Based on the three-year average, 87% of pasture was herbaceous plants and the remaining was shrubs in DM basis with Cistus creticus , Quercus ithaburensis , Pistacia atlantica and Asparagus acutifolius being the major shrub species. The herbage yield in June was significantly lower than in other months in all years ( P  = 0.001). In all experimental years, the CP content of the pasture decreased but the structural carbohydrates increased as the grazing season proceeded. While live weight was not affected by grazing periods except for 2004 ( P  = 0.001), milk yield significantly decreased with advancing grazing period ( P  = 0.001). The results of the present study indicate that natural pasture has a supportive effect in April and May on the milk yield of lactating goats which are in mid-lactation, and suggested that supplementary feeding is required in consecutive grazing periods.     

基于AHP-TOPSIS组合模型的植物园景观方案优选

选取功能定位、空间结构与形态、生物多样性、交通与游览组织、建设和维护费用、景观艺术效果等6项指标,运用层次分析法(AHP)和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)构建了植物园景观方案优选体系,并对25份植物园景观方案进行了实证评价以验证模型的可行性。结果表明:AHP和TOPSIS模型应用于植物园景观方案优选的区分度较好,能对植物园景观方案的综合质量进行较为全面、合理、准确地评价,是一种简便、有效的优选方法。该方法也适用于其他类型绿地的景观方案的优选。     

乙蒜·暗罗素复配剂与几种植物源农药对草莓白粉病的抑菌效果与田间防治试验

乙蒜.暗罗素是江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所开发的植物源类复配制剂,通过与几种植物源杀菌剂室内生测和田间防治试验表明,对草莓白粉病菌抑制作用从高到低为:乙蒜.暗罗素>暗罗素>蛇床子素>乙蒜素>细辛提取物,以乙蒜.暗罗素复配剂病情指数最低,防效最好。室内生物测定,乙蒜.暗罗素复配剂有效浓度2 000~4 000倍液,防效85.64%~88.72%,2 000倍高于4 000倍防效,但差异不显著。与其他几种植物源药剂防效差异均为极显著;田间防治草莓白粉病,25%乙蒜.暗罗素WP200倍和400倍浓度,7 d防效82.03%~83.43%,10 d防效72.69%~73.56%,两浓度间差异也不显著,而极显著于其他几种植物源农药单剂。     

The potential of middle eastern flora as a source of new safe bio-acaricides to control<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus cinnabarinus</Emphasis>, the carmine spider mite

Twenty-nine plant extracts of local species were evaluated for their potential as a source of bioactive ingredients with significant acaricidal activity that could lead to the development of new and safe bio-acaricides. The crude extracts (70% ethanol) of these plants were tested for their acaricidal activity against the carmine spider miteTetranychus cinnabarinus in a bioassay under controlled conditions. Mortality, repellency, and the number of eggs laid were measured. Extracts fromEucalyptus camaldulensis andInula viscosa caused more than 25% mortality. Sixteen plant extracts showed significant repellency compared with the control. The six best extracts, resulting in more than 75% repellency, were fromAllium sativum, Capparis spinosa, Cupressus sempervirens, Lupinus pilosus, Rhus coriaria andTamarix aphylla. Extracts from 16 plants were found to cause a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid compared with the control. The greatest reduction was achieved by extracts fromC. spinosa, Cyperus rotundus, E. camaldulensis, L. pilosus, Punica granatum, R. coriaria andT. aphylla. A relatively negative fit was found between the mean number of repelled mites and the number of eggs laid (r=−0.65), which might indicate that most repelled mites were unable to lay eggs before leaving the leaf discs of the bioassay. Our results show that several plant extracts have good potential for acaricidal activity and are worth further investigation. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2003.     

东祁连山杜鹃属植物形态特征及其生态适应性

对东祁连山杜鹃灌丛草地杜鹃属植物的形态特征及其生态适应性研究表明:百里香杜鹃和头花杜鹃个体相对低矮,叶片近革质、密被鳞片、有芳香但不强烈;烈香杜鹃个体较前者略高,叶片软革质、上无鳞片但背面有稀疏鳞片、有强烈芳香;陇蜀杜鹃个体最高,叶片坚革质、无鳞片、无芳香。花的数目陇蜀杜鹃和烈香杜鹃较多,为12～17朵;头花杜鹃3～8朵;而百里香杜鹃则为单一、偶成双。其叶片显示出不同的生态适应特点,即百里香杜鹃为小叶密鳞半落叶、头花杜鹃为小叶密鳞强反卷、烈香杜鹃为中叶疏鳞角质反卷、陇蜀杜鹃为大叶厚角质反卷。     

新型植物源杀虫剂--血根碱对苹果二斑叶螨控制效果初探

2001—2002年，在湖北广水进行的2年1％血根碱可湿性粉剂防治苹果二斑叶螨的田间药效试验表明，1％血根碱可湿性粉剂对苹果二斑叶螨有良好的灭杀效果，使用浓度在2500倍时，防治效果与生产上推广使用的20％哒螨灵可湿性粉剂2500倍液相当。