东北梅花鹿茸不同部位游离氨基酸含量的比较分析

选用10支东北梅花鹿茸,每支茸从顶端到基部分腊片、粉片、血片和骨片4个部位分别取样,测定分析各部位游离氨基酸含量。结果表明:东北梅花鹿茸腊片、粉片、血片和骨片游离氨基酸总量分别为1.96%、1.47%、1.24%和0.62%,必需游离氨基酸总量分别为0.57%、0.40%、0.35%和0.19%,各部位之间差异极显著。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

Sargassum horneri as a Functional Food Ameliorated IgE/BSA-Induced Mast Cell Activation and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice

Sargassum horneri (S. horneri), an edible brown alga, has been proposed as a functional food with an improvement effect on abnormal skin immune responses. The present study investigates the anti-allergic effect of an ethanol extract from S. horneri (SHE) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated activation in bone marrow-derived cultured-mast cells (BMCMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. SHE markedly and dose-dependently suppressed the degranulation of BMCMCs by reducing the β-hexosaminidase and histamine release without cytotoxicity. In addition, SHE significantly decreased the FcεRI expression on the surface of BMCMCs and its IgE binding. Moreover, SHE reduced the mRNA expression and the production of allergic cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13; interferon (IFN)-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and a chemokine, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), by suppressing the activation of Src-family kinases and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. In further study, the application of SHE reduced the PCA reaction in an IgE/BSA-induced type I allergic mice model. Taken together, we suggest that SHE has an anti-allergic effect in type I allergic responses.     

餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中矿物的调节效应

餐厨垃圾生化尾渣的资源化利用是餐厨垃圾生化处理后的新难点,针对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中的高盐分和低腐熟度问题,本研究以脱硫石膏和骨炭作为添加剂,探究脱硫石膏与骨炭对餐厨垃圾生化尾渣蚯蚓堆肥中的调节效应,研究其对蚓体生长及蚯蚓堆肥基本性状变化规律的影响。结果表明:脱硫石膏和骨炭添加均可促进蚯蚓生长繁殖,且骨炭添加下蚯蚓生长状况相对更优;蚯蚓处理可降低蚯蚓堆肥pH而提高其电导率(EC)和总养分含量;骨炭较之脱硫石膏添加下所获蚯蚓堆肥pH、总养分含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均升高,而其EC、脲酶(UA)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性则均降低。腐熟度变化表明,蚯蚓活动和骨炭添加均可降低堆肥中C/N和NH⁺₄-N/NO^-₃-N,增加其腐殖质(HS)、胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)含量和种子发芽指数(GI)。因此,在餐厨垃圾生化尾渣中添加骨炭进行蚯蚓堆肥以降低盐分和提高腐熟度具有一定可行性。     

微波辅助硫酸水解肉骨粉的工艺条件优化

为充分利用病死动物尸体资源,以病死畜禽经高温发酵法无害化所得肉骨粉为原料,经萃取剂去除油脂后,分别在无微波和有微波辅助下经硫酸水解获得含氨基酸水解液,筛选水解最优条件,并进行最优条件下水解前后物料中大中微量植物营养元素及重金属元素的物料平衡及其在水解产物中的分布分析。结果显示：最佳萃取剂为正己烷,在固液比1∶10,油脂萃取率达100%,萃取剂回收率达97.06%;常规硫酸水解肉骨粉最佳条件为：硫酸浓度5 mol/L、固液比1∶4、温度90 ℃、水解时间7 h,此时水解液中总氮的转化率为93.42%,氨基酸态氮转化率为42.63%;微波辅助硫酸水解肉骨粉的最佳条件为：微波功率 550 W、硫酸浓度5.0 mol/L、水解时间60 min,此时水解液中总氮的转化率为90.12%,氨基酸态氮转化率为82.13%;2种工艺在最佳条件下,各元素在水解液相和固相残渣的分布差异不大,其中N、P、K、Fe、Cu、Zn元素有66%~93%分布在水解液中,Ca、Mg、Mn元素32%以上分布在残渣中,而重金属元素Pb、Cr、Cd超过58%进入水解液,但未超出相关肥料产品农业行业标准限值。结果表明,微波辅助显著提高水解液中氨基酸态氮转化率并缩短水解时间,大、中、微量植物营养元素大部分进入液相,在制作氨基酸水解液方面具有明显的优越性。     

影响微种植钉支抗的临床稳定性因素研究

目的探讨微型种植钉作为增强支抗手段在临床应用中的稳定性,同时分析影响其成功率的相关因素,为今后的临床工作提供参考.方法 53例错颌患者共植入微型种植钉171枚,观察期1 a,并分析年龄、性别、下颌平面角、牙周组织肿胀、牙周炎史等因素对微型种植钉稳定性的影响.结果本组53例错颌患者的微型种植钉总成功率为90.57%（48/53）,其中患者的口腔卫生状况、牙周组织肿胀、牙周炎史、下颌平面角等是微型种植钉成活率的独立影响因素,而且患者的年龄、性别以及微型种植钉的设计因素对微型种植钉成功率的影响无显著性差异,不具有统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论采用微型种植钉作为增强支抗手段的患者要注意保持口腔清洁,同时医师要根据患者的下颌平面角设计种植方案,避免牙周组织肿胀的发生,以提高微型种植钉的成功率.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用.方法 C57BL/6小鼠行1.75 Gy X线全身照射,每周1次,连续4周.实验设正常对照组、照射组及照射＋MSCs组,于末次照射后30、60、90 d称量各组小鼠体质量.取胸腺组织,计算胸腺质量指数,并通过组织学观察MSCs对胸腺组织损伤的修复作用.结果辐射组和MSCs组在照射期间体质量下降,在观察期间内,小鼠体质量随时间逐渐增加,并且MSCs组小鼠体质量略高于辐射组.对照组小鼠胸腺指数随周龄增大而逐渐减小,辐射组和MSCs组小鼠随照射后时间的延长胸腺指数逐渐增加,MSCs组90 d时胸腺指数与对照组小鼠接近.通过观察病理结果可知,正常对照组小鼠胸腺组织皮、髓质结构清楚.辐射组小鼠30 d时胸腺组织淋巴细胞可见变性、坏死,细胞数量减少;60 d时辐射组可见胸腺淋巴细胞出现修复性再生与增生;90 d时辐射组可见胸腺瘤癌前病变.MSCs移植30 d时胸腺组织皮质高度增生,髓质缩小,皮髓质内可见新生的淋巴组织;60 d时胸腺结构趋于正常.结论 MSCs可促进损伤胸腺再生与修复.     

海洋软骨鱼软骨抗肿瘤物质的研究进展

筛选高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物是海洋新药研发最为重要的课题之一。软骨鱼软骨中富含多肽、低分子量蛋白、糖蛋白和多糖等活性物质,可以作为新生血管生成抑制因子、肿瘤细胞抑制因子、免疫调节因子和抗入侵因子等用于肿瘤的治疗和预防。本文对软骨鱼软骨中活性物质及其功效进行综述,将为软骨的研究利用提供参考。     

土党参多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症的影响

研究土党参多糖(CJP)对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症的影响。小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺,建立白细胞减少模型,以高、中、低3个不同剂量的土党参多糖分别灌胃给药,测定外周血象、脏器指数、骨髓DNA。给药组与模型组比,小鼠白细胞数量明显增高(P<0.01),脾脏指数、胸腺指数差异不明显,中剂量组骨髓DNA明显增加(P<0.05)。土党参多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠白细胞减少症有升高白细胞和促进小鼠骨髓造血功能的作用。