Bioinformatics Analysis of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) of Sheep

The assay was aimed to explore the biological characteristics of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) of sheep,NCBI,DNAMAN DNAStar,TMHMM Server v.2.0,PsortⅡ,SignalP various bioinformatical softwares were used to speculate the physical and chemical properties,hydrophobic property,phosphorylation site,conservative structure domain,protein secondary structure of BMP4 protein.Also,the three-dimensional structure was forecasted with the SWISS-MODEL Workspace software.The results indicated that the BMP4 of sheep had high homologies with the BMP4 of various species.The encoded protein was a hydrophilic protein which was unstable.There was no transmembrane regions and it was likely to be located in the nucleus.What was more,there was signal peptide and eighteen phosphorylation sites.Through the forecast of functional domains,the protein had two functional domains,including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily and TGF-beta propeptide superfamily.The result was consistent with the function of BMP4 gene family,it also demonstrated that BMP4 was a growth factor and it had the function of signal transduction.The amino acid homology between the predicted 3D structure of protein and template 3bmp.1.A was 88.29%.The bioinformatics analysis of BMP4 gene could provide reference for the further study in practice.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2复合物对犬胫骨骨折愈合中4种相关细胞因子的作用

研究重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、纤维蛋白凝胶(FG)与妥布霉素复合物加速骨折愈合。bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体复合,将具有抗生素缓释系统的复合物注入犬胫骨骨折处,并做内固定,于术后第2周,采集犬胫骨骨折处样品,每隔2周采集1次,共采集4次,将每次采集的样品制成组织切片,采用免疫组织化学的方法检测4种因子,并对组织切片进行分析,用多功能真彩色细胞图象分析管理系统,分析所得数据用SPSS18.0版统计软件进行统计学分析。血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在试验组第2周表达强阳性,而对照组阳性表达较弱;前4周,试验组血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)阳性率呈上升趋势,强于对照组;前8周,试验组胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)阳性率均高于对照组。说明bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体的复合物在骨折愈合具有中促进细胞增殖、黏附、趋化、分化,以及骨折末端血管生长和形成的作用。     

Correcting Campylorrhinus Lateralis in a Foal by Bone Distraction: A Case Report

Campylorrhinus lateralis, also known as “wry nose,” is a congenital malformation that mainly affects Thoroughbreds. These horses have a unilateral deviation of the maxillae that may be to one side or the other side, and it causes airway obstruction and dental malocclusion. The choice of treatment is not necessarily operation; however, the treatment of choice, which aims to repair the maxillae deviation, is surgical to improve the horse’s respiratory condition and correct the dental occlusion. There are currently no reports describing the first surgical technique for such deformity described by Valdez et al. The present study describes the case of a 2-month-old foal of the Mangalarga Marchador breed that was diagnosed with wry nose. The foal presented with accentuated maxillae deviation to the right side, malocclusion of the incisor teeth, and respiratory noises. After diagnosis and physical examination, the foal was treated by surgical correction of the deviation. To correct the deviation, the bone distraction technique with unilateral osteotomy of the right maxillae and fixation of the external bone distractor was chosen. After 90 days, the bone distractor was removed; consequently, malocclusion of the incisors was greatly improved, and respiratory noises were eliminated.     

利用自制骨炭除氟剂处理农村高氟地下水研究

在不同实验条件下将家畜骨制成骨炭除氟剂,通过除氟效果的比较筛选出最佳除氟剂制备方法。利用所制得的骨炭进行除氟静态吸附实验,研究了骨炭对氟的吸附效果以及温度、pH和地下水中常见阴阳离子等不同影响因素对骨炭除氟效果的影响。实验结果表明温度对骨炭除氟效果影响不大;低pH条件有利于骨炭对氟的去除;地下水常见阴阳离子中,Ca2＋和Mg2＋对骨炭除氟有一定的促进作用,而阴离子则起到不同程度的抑制作用。除氟后的骨炭可以利用NaOH浸泡方法进行再生,经三次再生后其吸附容量仍可达原来的94.3%,说明骨炭除氟剂具有良好的再生能力且可反复用于水中除氟。     

金黄色葡菌球菌脂蛋白对M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞免疫作用的影响

本研究旨在阐明金黄色葡萄球菌脂蛋白对M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞免疫作用的影响，为金黄色葡萄球菌致病性研究提供理论参考。以金黄色葡萄球菌野生株SA113（WT SA113）和SA113 lgt：：ermB脂蛋白表达缺失菌株（SA113Δlgt株）体外感染M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞，分为3组：空白对照组、WT SA113感染组（MOI：3：1）、SA113Δlgt感染组（MOI：3：1）。采用ELISA法检测M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、趋化因子（RANTES）和白细胞介素10（IL-10）的水平，实时荧光定量PCR检测Toll样受体2（TLR2）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）和含NLR家族Pyrin域蛋白3（NLRP3）基因的表达，免疫荧光法检测脂蛋白对M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞吞噬金黄色葡萄球菌作用的影响。结果显示，与空白对照组相比，WT SA113感染组和SA113Δlgt感染组均可显著上调M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞中TNF-α、RANTES、IL-10分泌量以及WT SA113感染组TLR2、NLRP3基因表达水平（P<0.05），而TLR4基因表达量显著降低（P<0.05）；与WT SA113感染组相比，SA113Δlgt感染组M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、RANTES、IL-10分泌量以及TLR2（12 h除外）、NLRP3基因表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。免疫荧光结果显示，M1型巨噬细胞对SA113Δlgt株的吞噬作用显著低于对WT SA113株的吞噬作用（P<0.05）。综上，金黄色葡萄球菌的脂蛋白在M1型小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞中主要通过激活TLR2和NLRP3受体，诱导细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、RANTES和IL-10的产生和释放。     

Abnormal bone mineralization in a puppy fed an imbalanced raw meat homemade diet diagnosed and monitored using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

A 4-month-old male Old English Sheepdog was presented for evaluation of a raw meat-based homemade diet after a 1-month history of progressive lameness. Marked dietary deficiencies were detected, which included calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcaemia were diagnosed by serum analysis. Evidence of severe diffuse osteopenia was noted on survey radiographs. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify bone mineral content and density and compare to published reference ranges. The puppy's initial bone mineralization was markedly subnormal, with bone mineral density 66% lower than expected, and bone mineral content 40% lower than expected. Subsequent DEXA scans were performed at intervals during the puppy's recovery to document the rate of bone re-mineralization and guide therapeutic recommendations. Marked improvement was achieved within 4 months through exercise control and feeding of a diet appropriately formulated for large breed puppy growth and development. This report reinforces the necessity of thorough dietary history and highlights the potential for malnutrition in pets fed homemade and raw meat-based diets. Use of DEXA has rarely been reported in clinical cases, yet can be a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring cases with abnormal bone mineralization. Further studies using DEXA to track bone mineralization in healthy puppies are encouraged to develop a more robust reference range of bone mineralization in growing dogs of varying sizes, weights and ages.     

Production and Identification of Clone Sheep Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Donor Cell

In order to obtain the cloned sheep using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）as the donor cells,the BMSCs of sheep were chosen and reconstructed embryos were built to transfer.10 published microsatellite markers were chosen,and the DNA samples from clone sheep,donor cells and surrogate ewes were amplified,and the relationship of father-son（RCP）was analyzed using the Quantity One for genotyping.The results showed that the reconstructed embryos were successfully built for electric fusion using sheep BMSCs as nuclear donor,and making nuclear transplantation into enucleated mature oocytes of which the fusion rate was 80.62%.20 surrogate ewe were chosen to be implanted with the reconstructed embryos at morula stage by implant surgery,and 5 lambs were born and only 3 were survived.The genotype of cloned sheep was in line with the dornor cell and the RCP were more than 99.999%.In conclusion,the first clone sheep were obtained successfully by using BMSCs as a nuclear donor in this experiment.     

Gross anatomy,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint

This study was aimed to provide anatomical atlas of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints using computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric features of this joint. The limbs of twenty adult Sanjabi sheep were examined. Imaging was performed using a 16-slice multi-detector CT scanner and a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The obtained images were correlated with corresponding anatomical sections. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Also morphometric features included distance between metacarpal and metatarsal heads, width of metacarpal and metatarsal head, length, width and the height of the proximal sesamoid bones were measured. In MRI images, compact bones, ligaments and tendons showed less signal intensity (hypointense). The fatty tissue and bone marrow had more signal intensity (hyperintense), but articular cartilage and synovial fluid showed moderate signal intensity. BMD in the left hind limb was significantly higher than other three limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The length of proximal sesamoid bones in left forelimb was higher than right forelimb (p ≤ 0.05). The thickness of proximal sesamoid bones in left limbs was higher than those in their counterparts (p ≤ 0.05). The width of the medial head in the forelimbs was significantly greater than the hind limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The present results might be useful in managing the clinical techniques on this joint. Larger volume of the proximal sesamoid bones and wider medial head in the forelimbs compared to the hindlimbs impel this speculation that the centre of gravity is closer to the forelimbs.     

The Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Methane on Anthracite and Its Char

The adsorption quantities of methane on anthracite and its char at different tem-perature and time were measured by using volumetric niethod. The corresponding adsorption formula-is presented. The experimental results have shown that the diffusion acti-vation energies of methane in the anthracite and its char are 14.3 kJ/mol and 26. 3 kJ/mol.It issuggested that the diffusion process of methane could be the flow through the micropores in the an-thracite and its char.