鳙目标强度和行为特征的水声学研究

使用EY60回声探测仪于2010年5月10-15日、9月28-29日分别对5种不同体长规格的鳙进行了目标强度及昼夜行为的现场测定.结果显示:鳙的全长范围为30.05～80.00cm,体长范围为25.10～68.80 cm,体重范围为0.3～6.0kg,对应的有效目标强度范围为-51.84～-42.06dB,最大目标强度...     

有初始缺陷板件超屈曲强度的半分析法研究

本文应用大挠度理论分析了初始缺陷对板件超屈曲强度的影响,并为板件后屈曲分析提出了一个样条函数半分析计算法.该法对各种载荷及位移边界条件板件均可进行计算,与有限元法等相比较,具有计算量少,精度高等显著特点.数值计算结果为冷弯型钢结构设计提供了较完善的理论依据.     

黔北地区主要竹种竹材气干密度与力学性质的关系研究

对黔北地区几种主要竹种的气干密度与力学性质的关系研究表明:各竹种的气千密度与力学性质除部分竹种外均存在一定的曲线或直线关系,其中在气干密度与抗剪强度关系中,除慈竹、花吊丝、毛脚龙竹、金佛山方竹等竹种外,其他竹种均可利用回归方程T12=ap12b,T12=ap12+b进行估测.在气干密度与顺纹抗拉强度关系中除硬头黄、花吊...     

水轮机顶盖部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度分析

针对水轮发电机组由于顶盖连接螺栓断裂而导致水淹厂房等严重事故的问题,建立了某电站实际顶盖及螺栓的模型并进行有限元分析.基于Ansys,采用有限单元法求解静力学基本方程,计算得到各种工况下螺栓的应力分布;研究了某混流式水轮机顶盖全部螺栓正常工作时的强度,对部分螺栓断裂后剩余螺栓的强度进行了分析,对比了螺栓在断裂数量为1,2,4,8根以及断裂位置为90°对称分布、邻近分布、180°分布时的应力情况.计算结果表明:部分螺栓断裂后,由于偏载和突变,其余螺栓的最大应力值都会升高;螺栓断裂个数越多,断裂螺栓的分布位置越邻近,则其余螺栓强度越不足.当断裂螺栓数量为4根且处于邻近分布位置时,剩余螺栓的最大应力为744.03 MPa,十分接近螺栓材料的极限容许应力744 MPa;当断裂螺栓处于邻近分布位置且数量达到8根时,剩余螺栓的最大应力达776.21 MPa,增幅达19.69%,已远远超过材料极限容许应力,威胁电站安全运行.     

Evaluation of relationship between dispersibility of soils and charge characteristics using a modified ion adsorption method; An example of soils from Wakayama Prefecture,Japan

The relationship between the charge characteristics and the dispersibility of soils from reclaimed land (highly dispersive) and adjacent forest area (physically stable) was investigated.

To evaluate the amount of soil charges quantitatively, the measurement based on cation and anion adsorption (ion adsorption method) was attempted in two ways, where special attention was paid to the solution concentration. In the conventional ion adsorption method, the treatments with concentrated solutions (1 mol L^-1) were included in the process. In the modified method, soils were treated with dilute solutions (5 mmol L^-1), in taking account of the soil solution concentration in humid temperate regions. The amount of charges derived from the modified method was smaller than that from the conventional one, especially in the high pH zone. In a preliminary experiment, the extraction of polyvalent cations from soils was found to be significantly affected by the salt concentration. Thus, the use of solutions with an excessively high concentration was considered to result in an error in the estimation of the active charges in soils which would contribute to the dispersion behavior in the field.

The applicability of the modified method for analyzing the dispersion behavior of soils was evaluated by relating the dispersibility of silts and clays at different pHs with the charge characteristics determined under the same ionic strength. The dispersion ratio of silts of the reclaimed land reached maximum values at pH 5.5, above which the ratio decreased, whereas the ratio of clays began to increase in the pH range above 6. The dispersion ratio of silts of the forest area increased in the pH range above 6, whereas that of clays remained constant at a low level in all the pH ranges below 7. The changes in the dispersibility of silt plus clay fractions corresponded to total charge characteristics determined by the modified method. Thus, the evaluation of soil charges by the modified ion adsorption method was considered to be effective to predict soil dispersibility under field conditions, indicating that it could replace electrokinetic analyses such as electrophoresis in studies on the dispersion/flocculation behavior of soils.     

大庆红旗泡水库淡水冰弯曲强度试验研究

采用三点弯曲法对大庆红旗泡水库淡水冰试样进行弯曲试验.冰梁发生破坏时,主要经历三个阶段:第一阶段是在杂质和气泡边缘首先产生微裂缝;随着荷载的增加,出现新的微裂缝,并且受拉区达到抗拉强度,此为第二阶段;此后荷载继续增加,冰中微裂缝扩展延伸为宏观裂缝,当施加的荷载大于冰梁的杭拉强度时,冰梁即被破坏,这是第三阶段.在分析上述淡水冰破坏机理的基础上,对试验结果进行研究.结果表明,水库淡水冰弯曲强度与应力速率和冰温有着密切关系.在小于2 kPa/s的应力速率范围内,随着应力速率的增大,弯曲强度减小.冰温在-5℃～15℃范围内,对应的应力速率在30～70 kPa/s范围内时,冰梁弯曲强度达到极限,同时也揭示了极限弯曲强度对应的应力速率随着温度的降低逐渐向低应力速率转化.达到极限弯曲强度后,应力速率继续增加,弯曲强度值呈减小趋势.弯曲强度随着冰温的降低呈增加趋势,且弯曲强度在-15℃时达到最大值2 270 kPa.     

养殖业兽医社会化服务模式分析

我国养殖业的兽医服务方式多样,其中兽医社会化服务能力不足的问题由来已久,亟需发展壮大。在有关政策法规的指导下,多地结合自身条件,因地制宜探索推行了兽医社会化服务模式。本文介绍了兽医服务公司承接、"企业+农户"、"购买产品+服务"、合作社承接、科研院所服务、信息化平台服务等6种养殖业兽医社会化服务模式,并对不同模式的服务组织、服务内容、服务机制、服务特点等进行了分析,其中"兽医服务公司承接模式"和"合作社承接模式"的社会化程度较高,也是目前基层最为推广的模式。这提示当前的兽医社会化服务组织需进一步扩大服务范围、拓展服务对象、提升技术能力,推动整体升级转型。     

基于正交试验分析影响透水混凝土性能的主要因素

透水混凝土作为一种环保型材料,在水利工程和道路工程等方面得到越来越广泛的应用。影响其性能的主要因素有：水灰比、骨灰比和骨料粒径。采用正交试验方法[L9（3^4）],以28d抗压强度和透水系数为性能指标,分析研究了3个因素及其不同的水平对透水混凝土性能的影响,并通过回归分析和极差方差分析确定抗压强度和透水系数影响因素的显著性大小,得出了骨料粒径和骨灰比对透水混凝土性能的影响较为显著,水灰比影响较小的结论。