云岭黑山羊及波云F_1代的育肥性能研究

为比较云岭黑山羊和波云F1代肉羊的产肉性能和肉质特性,为今后云南省的羔羊肉生产提供科学依据,选90只3月龄断奶的波尔山羊×师宗黑山羊（波×师）、波尔山羊×文山黑山羊（波×文）、波尔山羊×楚雄黑山羊（波×楚）F1代的去势公羔和师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊、楚雄黑山羊的去势公羔进行育肥,育肥期为180 d;抽取6只羊进行屠宰测定与肉质分析。结果表明：在＂放牧＋补饲＂条件下,波云F1代的平均日增重（ADG）明显好于相应本地羊,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。在三个杂交组合中,波×师组的ADG比波×文组和波×楚组高,差异显著（P〈0.05）;在三个纯繁群间的ADG差异不显著（P〉0.05）,说明波×师组合生产速度更快,具有较好的遗传特性,应该作为重点培育的杂交组合类型;在全放牧条件下,波云F1代的ADG与相应纯繁后代比较,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;在＂放牧＋补饲＂条件下,杂交组合的胴体重、净肉重显著高于相应的本地品种,差异显著（P〈0.05）;在全放牧条件下,杂交组合的胴体重、净肉重也高于对应的本地品种,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。杂交组合与本地品种的肉质成份无太大差别。综合看来,＂放牧＋补饲＂方式下以波×师组合为生产肥羔的最佳组合。     

波尔山羊精液高倍稀释试验研究

为充分发挥波尔山羊种公羊的作用,对精液高倍稀释各个技术环节进行了多方面的试验研究。采用新鲜羊奶稀释液进行了7个不同稀释倍数的试验,结果表明5倍与8倍稀释组情期受胎率分别为91.4%和91.5%,差异不显著(P>0.05);其它各组之间差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);各组的情期受胎率随着稀释倍数的增大逐渐下降,15倍稀释组为84.0%,20倍为76.0%,25倍为68.8%,30倍为53.3%。25倍以下的稀释倍数,输入有效精子数在1000万以上,生产上是可以应用的。稀释液的筛选试验表明鲜奶稀释液受胎率较高;二次稀释法比一次稀释提高受精率9%(P<0.05);子宫颈深部输精比子宫颈口输精提高受胎率95.5%(P<0.01);10倍以上稀释有利于精液常温保存。     

苜蓿青饲对波尔山羊生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响

近年来,随着苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)产业的发展,相关草产品在奶牛饲养中得到广泛应用并日益成熟,但在山羊饲养的消化生理、营养代谢及利用方面的研究却相对缺乏。为了解不同水平苜蓿鲜草饲粮对波尔山羊生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响,于2005年7-9月,选用3月龄、初始体重17.77±1.05 kg、遗传背景基本一致的波尔山羊(Capra hircus L.)45只,随机分为5个处理组,各组饲粮中苜蓿鲜草替代水平分别为0%(对照组)、15%(试验1组)、30%(试验2组)、45%(试验3组)和60%(试验4组)(按干物质计)。结果表明:试验1、2、3组平均日增重和料重比都优于对照组,但差异不显著;试验2组血液总蛋白和球蛋白含量极显著(P<0.01)、白蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而总胆固醇、高密度酯蛋白胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),尽管各组血糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯及低密度酯蛋白胆固醇含量差异不显著,但试验Ⅱ组甘油三酯和低密度酯蛋白胆固醇含量均最低。因此,30%替代水平为最佳,建议在生产中应用。     

PCR 技术在黄淮白山羊瘤胃产甲烷菌检测中的应用1）

为了建立黄淮白山羊瘤胃甲烷菌快速检测的PCR方法,采集安徽本地黄淮白山羊瘤胃内容物,进行瘤胃甲烷菌的分离培养,利用瘤胃甲烷杆菌的保守基因甲基辅酶M还原酶基因（MCR）进行引物设计,并且优化PCR扩增条件。结果表明：所设计的引物具有特异性、专一性,优化的PCR扩增条件符合瘤胃甲烷杆菌扩增要求,扩增产物在140 bp的位置出现单一明亮条带。由此可见,利用PCR技术,可以快速、准确检测黄淮白山羊瘤胃甲烷杆菌。     

GnRH神经元在发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的免疫组化定位

为了研究促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)在发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的表达特点,采用超敏的免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法研究GnRH免疫反应神经元在发情期山羊下丘脑中的分布。结果显示,GnRH免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布在视上核、视前内侧核、视前外侧核、交叉上核、丘脑外侧区、室旁核后部、弓状核、腹外侧核、结节乳头体核、乳头体内侧核、乳头体外侧核等核团。阳性细胞的形态有圆形、三角形、卵圆形、梭形、多角形、不规则形,有些阳性细胞还具有明显的突起。圆形和三角形细胞直径的大小为5~35μm,卵圆形和梭形细胞短轴和长轴大小分别为5~27μm、15~58μm。免疫反应阳性产物还分布于部分纤维束中,如视束、正中中隆起等。根据细胞中阳性反应的强弱可分为强阳性,如交叉上核;中等阳性,如乳头体内侧核;弱阳性,如前穹窿周核。上述研究结果表明,GnRH在成年奶山羊下丘脑广泛存在。     

山羊-绵羊异质体细胞克隆胚中线粒体DNA的杂合性分析

摘要：线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中唯一存在有核外遗传物质的细胞器，其功能的正常表达需要核与线粒体的相互作用。线粒体 DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)编码电子传递链所需酶中的一些多肽亚基及多种 tRNA 和 rRNA，其余的亚基由核基因编码。异种体细胞核移植可能导致重构胚中 mtDNA 的杂合现象。本实验采用 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP）的方法分析以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体，以去核的绵羊 MⅡ 期卵母细胞为核受体构建的异质克隆胚中线粒体的来源及组成比例。结果表明： 8-cell之前的异质克隆胚中供受体 mtDNA 的比例变化不大，1-cell、2-cell、4-cell、8-cel异质克隆胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 占受体细胞 mtDNA 的比例分别为2.5±0.8 %；2.8±0.6 %；1.9±0.4 %；1.7±0.6 %， 彼此之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；然而，异质克隆囊胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 的比例下降为0.3±0.1 %，与前四者相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

Effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular blood flow measured by color doppler ultrasonography in male Shiba goats

Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1 µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr) and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups, as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant (P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats.     

The Distribution of Soluble Copper- and Zinc-Binding Proteins in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Copper-Poisoned Goats

The distribution of copper and zinc among the soluble proteins in the liver and kidney from chronic copper-poisoned goats was examined after gel filtration of the proteins. The concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney cortex from five experimentally copper-poisoned goats were: 550–810 µg/g liver and 190–420 µg/g kidney cortex (wet weight). In general the copper-binding proteins from, both the liver and kidney samples were separated into two different fractions with approximate molecular weights (m.w.) of > 65,000 and 10,000, respectively. From the liver samples, varying amounts of copper were eluted in a fourth fraction with m.w. < 2,000. In the majority of kidney samples the dominating copper-binding protein fraction was the high molecular weight fraction. Absolute amounts of copper recovered in the metallothionein-like protein fraction were nearly the samt for all samples investigated. The distribution of zinc-binding proteins in both liver and kidney samples was nearly the same. The high molecular weight fraction dominated, and no zinc was bound to metallothionein-like proteins.     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系选育研究报告

选育和提高陇东绒山羊的生产性能,以陇东绒山羊为试验动物,采用数量遗传学和现代繁殖新技术,在甘肃东部地区选育出陇东绒山羊专门化新品系,数量达到18 685只,其中绒长型9 632只,绒细型9 053只。新品系被毛全白,以产绒为主,绒肉兼用,两品系特一级成年公母羊产绒量分别为626.49 g、506.87 g和601.67 g、465.76 g;羊绒细度分别为15.02μm、14.82μm和14.49μm、14.25μm;羊绒伸直长度分别为90.37 mm、75.82 mm和85.41 mm、79.78 mm;春季体重两品系公母羊分别为36 kg和28 kg以上,屠宰率为47.68%,经产母羊产羔率105%。选育结果陇东绒山羊专门化品系外貌特征一致,遗传性能稳定,白色个体稳定在97.6%以上,繁殖性能良好,其中双羔率占约5%。陇东绒山羊专门化新品系具有体质结实,角型整齐,被毛全白,产绒量高,羊绒品质优良,耐粗饲,抗病力强,适应干旱环境条件等优点。